A cybercrime group known as The Gentlemen has emerged as the second most active ransomware gang by victim count, rapidly attracting a talented pool of hackers through an aggressive recruitment strategy that promises affiliates 90 percent of any ransom paid by victims. This post examines clues pointing to a real life identity for the administrator of The Gentlemen ransomware group.

Experts at the security firm Check Point Software have been closely covering exploits of The Gentlemen, a so-called “ransomware-as-a-service” (RaaS) offering that pays affiliates handsomely to help spread the group’s malware.

“A 90/10 affiliate revenue split — compared to the industry standard 80/20 — is accelerating the group’s growth by attracting experienced operators from competing programs,” the researchers wrote in April.

Check Point found The Gentlemen are the second most active ransomware group by victim count so far this year, claiming at least 332 published victims since the group’s inception in mid-2025 and more than 240 in 2026 alone.

According to Check Point, the group targets Internet-facing devices (VPNs, firewalls) as their entry point, and once inside moves quickly to encrypt entire networks within hours.

Check Point says the administrator and primary operator of the ransomware group uses the nickname Zeta88 on the Russian-language cybercrime forums, and that this individual was previously known under the moniker Hastalamuerte. Check Point noted that a breach of the group’s backend infrastructure made it clear that Hastalamuerte/Zeta88 is the person who assembles the locker and RaaS panel, manages payments, and is essentially the administrator of the entire program who receives 10 percent of all ransoms.

WHO IS HASTALAMUERTE?

The cyber intelligence firm Intel 471 shows that the user Hastalamuerte is a Russian and English speaking person who registered on almost a dozen cybercrime forums between 2019 and the present day, including Exploit, Breachforums, Ramp_V2, BHF, Raidforums, and Nulled.

Intel 471 reveals that Hastalamuerte registered on Breachforums in January 2025 from an Internet address in Izhevsk, the capital city of Russia’s Udmurt Republic. Likewise, the user Zeta88 signed up at the English-language cybercrime forum Breached in August 2022 from a different Internet address in Izhevsk.

Intel 471 finds Hastalamuerte registered on Raidforums in 2020 using the email address hastalamuerte1488@protonmail.com (1488 is a common combination of two numeric symbols associated with white supremacy). A lookup on this address at the open source intelligence service Epieos shows it is connected to an account at Apple and to a phone number ending in 04.

Epieos says that Protonmail address is also linked to a GitHub account under the username SantaMuerte. That account is marked private, but a history of this user’s activity shows they are watching and developing a number of malware tools and exploits.

In April 2020, Hastalamuerte said on the crime forum Nulled that they could be contacted at the Telegram instant messenger name @hastalamuerte18, and the threat intelligence company Flashpoint finds this username is assigned the unique Telegram ID number 30907522 [full disclosure: Flashpoint is an advertiser on this blog].

The breach tracking service Constella Intelligence reports that Hastalamuerte’s Telegram ID is connected to another username — “bu4vs” — and to the Russian phone number 79127650004. Pivoting on this phone number in Constella fetches multiple records from hacked Russian government databases showing it is assigned to one Alexander Andreevich Yapaev, a 36-year-old from Izhevsk.

Constella reveals that phone number was used to create an account at the Russian social media platform Pikabu under the name “4apai18,” and shows Mr. Yapaev has signed up at a number of websites using the common surname Ivanov, or else “Chapaev” (the numeral 4 is often used as shorthand for a “ch” sound in Russian).

A search in Intel 471 for cybercrime forum members with the nickname SantaMuerte unearths an account by the same name created in 2020 on the Russian hacking forum Codeby. Intel 471 shows this user originally registered on Codeby with the not-so-subtle nickname Alexandr 4apaev.

Constella finds Mr. Yapaev regularly used the email address bu4vs@mail.ru. Meanwhile, Epieos shows this address is connected to a LinkedIn account for Alexander Yapaev, who lists himself as the head of B2B marketing at the company Uralenergo Udmurtia, one of Russia’s largest suppliers of electrotechnical and lighting products.

Mr. Yapaev did not respond to multiple requests for comment.

Nearly every time we publish one of these Breadcrumbs stories, readers are curious to know why it seems like so many cybercriminals from Russia apparently do little to hide their real life identities. The truth is that — Russian or not — most didn’t exactly set out to be arch criminals, but instead got drawn into the scene gradually over several years as their skills broadened and sharpened.

Another important dynamic is that the Russian government generally either co-opts or ignores cybercriminal activity within its borders so long as the hackers do not steal from or attack Russian businesses and citizens. As a result, successful cybercriminals in Russia are usually insulated from prosecution and arrest by foreign law enforcement agencies provided they occasionally pay off the right people and do not travel abroad. And cybercriminals who intend to strictly adhere to those unwritten rules may (at least initially) be less concerned about covering their tracks online.

But the simplest explanation is that cybercriminals of all nationalities tend to make a number of basic operational security mistakes early in their careers, when they are less savvy and have far less to lose by their carelessness. A review of Hastalamuerte’s early posts on the crime forums (circa 2019-2020) shows a relatively unsophisticated and low-skilled hacker still trying to learn the ropes and earn a positive reputation on these communities.

For example, in June 2020 Hastalamuerte’s Telegram account joined a multi-month training program (@pntst) to learn how to use popular penetration testing tools, and their candid posts to this hacker training camp show Hastalamuerte struggling to use these tools effectively. A Google-translated record of Hastalmuerte’s posts to @pntst is here.

Update, June 11, 10:23 a.m. ET:  The threat research group PRODAFT has released a detailed writeup on the history and current operations of The Gentlemen. PRODAFT said its findings match the same persona with “high confidence,” and found the administrator (Zeta88/Hastalamuerte) supplies affiliates with initial access directly, primarily Fortinet SSL-VPN credentials obtained through brute-force attacks or sourced from the group’s own leak database. They also discovered the administrator is using AI to develop and maintain the ransomware and associated tooling, as well as to assist with post-exploitation activity.

The ACLU is suing two Florida police departments over the arrest of a Fort Myers man in a child-abduction case, saying officers treated a flawed face-recognition match as a near-certain ID.

GitHub will change npm's defaults so the install command no longer runs scripts automatically, disabling a feature commonly exploited by malicious packages such as the notorious Shai-Hulud worm. Maintainer Leo Balter said: "Install-time lifecycle scripts are the single largest code-execution surface in the npm ecosystem. Every npm install runs scripts from every transitive dependency, so a single compromised package anywhere in your tree can execute arbitrary code on a developer machine or CI (continuous integration) runner." In npm 12, due July, three security-focused defaults are changing. Scripts configured for preinstall, install, or postinstall will no longer run unless explicitly permitted via allow-scripts. The --allow-git flag, which pulls dependencies from remote URLs, will default to off, closing an attack path where a malicious .npmrc file could override the Git executable and achieve arbitrary code execution. Finally, allow-remote will default to none, blocking dependency downloads from remote URLs entirely. It will still be possible to allow scripts to run via an allowlist in the package.json configuration file. This will be pinned to the installed version of a package by default. These are breaking changes, and Balter recommended developers run the commands to allow scripts for every currently installed package in a project that requires them. "This gets you protected against new, unexpected scripts immediately," he said. The next step is to review these packages and deny scripts for those where they are not needed. Some packages require script approval to function, including native modules that compile on install, testing tools like Playwright and Puppeteer (which fetch binaries via postinstall), and Electron, which wraps the Chromium browser engine for cross-platform desktop applications. These features have been available since npm version 11.10.0, released in February, but as opt-in flags rather than defaults. That version also introduced min-release-age, which blocks installation of package version newer than a specified number of days, designed as a safeguard against newly published malicious packages. Best security practice for developers using npm 11.16, the current version, is to set these flags on in .npmrc or via environment variables, which will also prepare a project for the changes in version 12. One annoyance is that the existing flag ignore-scripts does not support an allowlist, other than via an additional tool. The ignore-scripts setting will override allow-scripts, so developers will need to remove it, if set to true, to enable approved scripts to run. The allowScripts setting exists in npm 11 but is advisory only. Will this fix npm security issues? Unfortunately not. "Now all the malware can move from the install script to the module itself where it will inevitably still be run," said one developer. Another common view is that developers should use pnpm, which already has safer defaults than npm, including a minimum release age. There is consensus, though, that these changes do improve npm security and are long overdue. The pull request for this change includes the remark that "npm is the only remaining major package manager that runs dependency install scripts by default. pnpm v10+, Yarn Berry, Bun, and Deno all block them." ®

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It's patch time for Ivanti customers again after the security shop disclosed another two critical vulnerabilities in one of its products. Both bugs affect Ivanti Sentry, a mobile gateway that forms part of its broader unified endpoint management platform. The first and worst of the two is CVE-2026-10520 (10.0), a max-severity vulnerability that allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute code with root privileges. Flaws that allow root-level code execution without authentication are about as bad as vulnerabilities get, which explains the perfect-10 rating. The only saving grace is that, by the vendor's reckoning, no one has successfully exploited it in the wild… yet. Public disclosures tend to start a figurative countdown timer when it comes to attackers exploiting bugs, and although Ivanti gave little away about CVE-2026-10520 in its advisory, other researchers have already published breakdowns of the patch, offering clues as to how unpatched systems could still be attacked. According to watchTowr, the vulnerability stemmed from an exposed API running under Apache Tomcat. An attacker could feed the API a specially crafted message, which is parsed as a MICS configuration command and executed by the backend handler with root privileges. It looks like Ivanti fixed this by preventing this attacker-supplied string from being accepted, replacing it with a single, hard-coded command. It also updated the Apache configuration rules to block unauthenticated access to the affected endpoint. The second critical Ivanti Sentry vulnerability is tracked as CVE-2026-10523, and is scarcely less serious, carrying a near-maximum 9.9 CVSS. The authentication bypass bug allows remote, unauthenticated attackers to create admin accounts, granting themselves top privileges on an affected system. Customers are advised to address both security flaws immediately. They can upgrade to versions 10.5.2, 10.6.2, or 10.7.1. Ivanti's disclosure this week comes after it fixed two separate critical vulnerabilities affecting its Endpoint Manager Mobile (EPMM) in January. The bugs were both handed 9.8 CVSS scores and were exploited as zero-days. Even the Dutch data protection authority reported itself to parliament after attackers breached it as part of the pre-patch exploits. ®

From anti-drone tech to face recognition, 2026 World Cup stadiums in the US, Canada, and Mexico are subjecting fans to an array of surveillance tech. Here’s what you need to know.

Most US World Cup stadiums are surrounded by surveillance cameras. Want to know if you’re being watched on your way to a match? These maps will help you.

The organization claims that the FIFA tournament could have impacts on the rights of local people and visiting soccer fans in all three host countries.

We tested the best laptop cooling pads to keep your device running smooth with powerful cooling, RGB lights, high RPM and more.

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1,000 breaches is one hell of a milestone. It's not just the process of getting data, verifying it, loading it, sending notifications etc, it's all the other stuff that goes into keeping the whole thing afloat. Legal docs. Trademarks. Accounting. Agreements. The most mind-numbingly boring stuff you can imagine happening in the background so that the stuff you see in the foreground can all work. And then there are those "other things" I had to deal with along the way, but more of that in this week's video. Thanks to everyone who has stuck around to see this thing reach such a milestone 🙏

Every organisation gets audited. The question is who does the auditing.

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Microsoft set a record with its June Patch Tuesday release, addressing 206 CVEs across its products and shipping fixes for them, with 38 deemed critical and the rest important. Three are listed as publicly known, but none (so far) have been exploited in the wild. We have no idea how many of these June bugs were uncovered using AI tools. Unlike last month’s patching event, when Redmond disclosed its agentic bug-hunting system found 16 of the 137 vulnerabilities, there’s no word on any AI assists for new releases. Still, it’s safe to assume AI played a major role. As Tom Gallagher, VP of engineering at Microsoft Security Response Center, said about May's Patch Tuesday with a whopping 30 critical flaws: “We expect releases to continue trending larger for some time.” June’s Patch Tuesday proved Gallagher correct, surpassing May in both overall volume and critical bugs. “I’ve been counting CVEs on Patch Tuesday since 2017, and this is by far the largest monthly release in that time,” Zero Day Initiative’s bug hunter in chief Dustin Childs said in his review. “It is extraordinary that Microsoft can produce so many patches in a single month, but it does raise concerns,” he added, asking, as we did: How many were found via AI? And: “How many patches were generated using AI to assist in coding or testing? What quality issues may exist in these patches? And likely most importantly, is this the new normal?” Childs noted that May and April also saw mega releases. “Should sysadmins adjust their processes for prioritization and patch deployment based on this new volume of updates? Unfortunately, Microsoft is not providing those answers right now,” he wrote, adding in this fun fact: “The current number of CVEs shipped by Microsoft this year exceeds the total number of CVEs shipped in all of 2018.” Wowza. While it’s fun to watch from a purely speculative standpoint, as in: "Will Microsoft top 300 next month?", our thoughts and prayers are nonetheless with sysadmins and vulnerability management teams drowning in the AI-induced vulnpocalypse by now. None of the Patch Tuesday security holes are listed as under attack – at least not yet – but three are listed as publicly known. Let’s take a look at those first. Three known vulnerabilities CVE-2026-49160 is an HTTP.sys denial of service vulnerability that we wrote about earlier this month. Calif researcher Quang Luong discovered the attack with an assist from OpenAI's Codex agent, named it HTTP/2 Bomb, and said it exploits the HTTP/2 header compression algorithm by sending thousands of tiny messages to the server, forcing it to rapidly allocate memory and ultimately crash. At the time, a Microsoft spokesperson told The Register that Redmond was “aware and actively investigating appropriate mitigations.” On Tuesday, the tech giant fixed the security issue by introducing a new MaxHeadersCount registry setting, which allows users to limit the number of headers included in HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 requests, and should prevent denial-of-service attacks. CVE-2026-50507, a security feature bypass bug in Windows BitLocker, is the second CVE listed as publicly disclosed, and “exploitation more likely.” An attacker with physical access to the vulnerable system could bypass the BitLocker Device Encryption feature and gain access to the device's encrypted data, according to the advisory. This flaw also seems to be a patch for one of the zero-days dropped in the ongoing war between Microsoft and a disgruntled bug hunter known as Nightmare Eclipse - likely the YellowKey vulnerability disclosed in May. Nightmare has published details about and in some cases, full proof-of-concept exploit code for six zero-days, and promised a “bone shattering” release on June 14. The third publicly known bug, CVE-2026-45586, is a Windows Collaborative Translation Framework (CTFMON) elevation of privilege vulnerability that can be abused by an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally and gain SYSTEM access. From there, miscreants could deploy malware, steal data, and move laterally through the victim's environment - so patch this one sooner. Plus these two (of 38) critical bugs In addition to those three known vulnerabilities that made the rounds before Microsoft issued a patch, a couple of critical-rated 9.8 security flaws are worth highlighting this month. The first, CVE-2026-45657, is a Windows kernel remote code execution (RCE) bug that allows remote, unauthenticated attackers to run code with system-level privileges without any user interaction. It’s due to an error in how the Windows kernel processes some TCP/IP data, and can be exploited by sending malicious network packets to a vulnerable Windows system, thus triggering the flaw. While it’s listed as “exploitation less likely” by Redmond, we like Childs’ response. “Rest assured that every researcher and bug shop on the planet is reversing this patch right now trying to create an exploit,” he said. “Test and deploy this patch quickly.” CVE-2026-47291, an HTTP.sys RCE vulnerability that also earned a 9.8 CVSS rating, deserves attention as it can also be triggered with zero user interaction and Microsoft says it’s “more likely” to be exploited. “This vulnerability creates severe business risk because HTTP.sys is used by Windows services that process HTTP traffic,” Alex Vovk, CEO and co-founder of patch-management vendor Action1, told The Register. “A successful attack could lead to server takeover, malware deployment, data theft, service disruption, and lateral movement across the environment. Internet-facing systems are especially exposed.” The good news: systems using the Windows HTTP stack’s default MaxRequestBytes registry value are not affected. In the advisory, Redmond provides detailed instructions on how to edit registry settings, which can buy admins some time (and security) while deploying the patch. ®

Microsoft today released software updates to plug nearly 200 security holes across its Windows operating systems and supported software, a record number of fixes for the company’s monthly Patch Tuesday cycle. Nearly three dozen of those bugs earned Microsoft’s most dire “critical” rating, and exploit code for at least three of the weaknesses is now publicly available.

The software giant said in a blog post last month that both its engineers and the security community are increasing using artificial intelligence tools to find bugs, meaning this month’s heavy Patch Tuesday may start to become the norm, said Satnam Narang, senior staff research engineer at Tenable.

“Some surveys put AI usage among security professionals generally at 90%, so it’s unsurprising that this volume of patches may be the norm,” Narang said. “Pandora’s proverbial box has been opened, and as more advanced AI models become available, we expect the norm to continue upward across the board, not just for Patch Tuesday.”

June’s zero-day bugs include CVE-2026-49160, a denial of service vulnerability affecting a range of web servers, including Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS). Microsoft says the flaw was reported by OpenAI’s Codex.

Two of the zero-days addressed this month appear to stem from recent vulnerability disclosures by Nightmare Eclipse, the nickname chosen by a security researcher who has been dropping exploits for various Windows flaws. One of those, dubbed “GreenPlasma,” leverages an elevation of privilege weakness in the Windows Collaborative Translation Framework, the same framework patched today in CVE-2026-45586.

Nightmare Eclipse also last month released “YellowKey,” an exploit for a Windows BitLocker vulnerability that allows an attacker with physical access to view encrypted data, and CVE-2026-50507 is a patch for an elevation of privilege bug in BitLocker.

Microsoft received heavy blowback on social media last month after it said in a blog post that it was considering taking legal action against the security researcher. The company later clarified on Twitter/X that while it has no intention of pursuing legal actions against researchers, it would report them to authorities if they break the law. The advisories for CVE-2026-49160 and CVE-2026-50507 do not credit any researchers in the acknowledgement section, saying only that “Microsoft recognizes the efforts of those in the security community who help us protect customers through coordinated vulnerability disclosure.”

Nightmare Eclipse claims to be a former employee of Microsoft, although Microsoft has not responded to questions about this claim. Rapid7 notes that a recent blog post by Nightmare Eclipse included an image of Albert Wesker, a character from the Resident Evil video game series who formerly worked as a researcher for a technology company before going rogue.

Nightmare Eclipse has pledged to release even more zero-day exploits for Windows in what they called a “bone shattering” drop planned for July 14 (the same day as next month’s Patch Tuesday). Immediately following the release of Microsoft patches today, the researcher published an exploit for what they claimed was a zero-day bug in Windows Defender.

While 200 vulnerabilities may be a record for Patch Tuesday, the actual number of security flaws Microsoft addressed this month is far higher, said Rapid7’s Adam Barnett.

“So far this month, Microsoft has provided patches to address 360 browser vulnerabilities, which is an order of magnitude more than has been typical in any given month over the past few years,” Barnett wrote. “As usual, browser [flaws] are not included in the Patch Tuesday count above. Indeed, the vast, and presumably sustained, uptick in the number of browser vulnerabilities has led to Microsoft no longer enumerating Chromium CVEs in the Security Update Guide.”

Microsoft also patched a zero-day vulnerability in Visual Studio Code that allows attackers to steal GitHub tokens with a single click. The company was forced to push a stopgap fix for the flaw on June 3, after a researcher published instructions showing how to exploit it. The researcher said they opted not to work with Microsoft because of a recent experience wherein Redmond silently patched a flaw they reported without offering credit or recognition.

Microsoft battled its own internal zero-day emergencies last week, after at least 72 of the company’s public code repositories were infected with a variant of the Shai-Hulud worm. Researchers found that all of the affected packages were connected to Microsoft official Azure Durable Task SDK, which got hit by the same Shai-Hulud worm in May.

Other major software makers are also shipping outsized update bundles this month. Adobe has released updates to fix a massive number of critical vulnerabilities across a range of products, including Adobe Experience Manager, Acrobat Reader and Cold Fusion. On June 3, Google resolved a whopping 429 vulnerabilities in its latest Chrome browser update (Chrome automatically downloads updates but installing them usually requires a complete restart of the browser).

As ever, please consider backing up your data before applying operating system updates, and drop a note in the comments if you run into any problems with this month’s patches.

Further reading:

Microsoft’s Security Update Guide

Action1’s Patch Tuesday breakdown

SANS Internet Storm Center notes on Patch Tuesday

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As if the Miasma situation weren't bad enough, now this weapon is spreading like wildfire. Someone open sourced the entire Miasma worm supply-chain attack toolkit, likely using previously compromised developers' accounts to publish GitHub repositories containing the self-spreading malware’s source code over the last 24 hours. SafeDep, a company focused on open source supply chain security that developed Package Management Guard (PMG), spotted the malicious repos, named “Miasma-Open-Source-Release,” and said that they started appearing on Monday. Its researchers analyzed one of these before GitHub nixed it, and described the code as more than just a supply chain worm. “It is a full supply chain attack toolkit that allows the operator to execute various attacks via stolen credentials against arbitrary or targeted packages on public registries (PyPI, npm, RubyGems), JFrog Artifactory, GitHub repositories and GitHub Actions, AI coding tools config poisoning, SSH based lateral movement and other attack vectors,” the SafeDep team said. While we don’t know who is behind this publicly released worm, it follows in the footsteps of TeamPCP, which developed and then open sourced the mini Shai-Hulud worm last month, announcing a supply-chain attack contest on BreachForums and spawning copycat open source package poisonings. One of these copycat worms, Miasma, first hit upwards of 100 Red Hat and Microsoft open source projects before spreading to other victims, with app-security firm Socket tracking 473 affected package artifacts as of Tuesday. “The Miasma repository is an evolution of the Mini Shai-Hulud toolkit, and was open-sourced June 8 via four previously compromised users,” Rami McCarthy, principal threat researcher at Wiz, told The Register. “Since we had already reversed the payload, this public release isn’t particularly useful for sophisticated defenders, and we haven't observed any opportunistic adoption of it yet.” This, he added, mimics what happened when TeamPCP open sourced mini Shai-Hulud last month. “We didn't see attackers weaponize it either,” McCarthy said. “It's not clear [whether] attackers benefit from adopting this out-of-the-box toolkit versus vibe coding their own. And while it raises concerns about muddying attribution, attackers tend to continue developing their private fork of the malware, providing a clear payload progression to track and deconflict from anyone utilizing the open-source version.” An interesting aspect of both of these worms and other recent attacks like this one dubbed “Comment-and-Control” by AI bug hunter Aonan Guan is that they run entirely in GitHub - they don’t require any custom command-and-control (C2) infrastructure - and use the code-hosting platform for all stages of the attack including remote command execution, configuration, and data exfiltration. “This is a key behavioural shift because traditional network based detection and protection tools rely on baselining and anomaly detection,” SafeDep researchers noted. “Defenders now have to operate closer to application protocol to identify behavioural anomaly instead of network based anomalies.” The Miasma worm uses three independent GitHub commit search channels for C2, and each has a different search string and purpose. One of these, "DontRevokeOrItGoesBoom," discovers attacker-controlled personal access tokens (PATs) to exfiltrate credentials and other sensitive data. These PATs are AES-256-CBC encrypted in the commit message. The second, "TheBeautifulSandsOfTime," delivers JavaScript for immediate command execution. It’s checked once at startup, and, after validation, it passes the payload to eval() to execute at runtime. Finally, “firedalazer” delivers Python script URLs for the persistent monitor. All three are unauthenticated by default, use GitHub’s public commit search API, and use a different validation or decryption key, which means compromising one doesn’t automatically compromise the other two.®

Anthropic is releasing Claude Mythos 5 to trusted organizations and Claude Fable 5 to the public, a version it says can’t be used for cyberattacks.